Course Outline

• E-Commerce and its types, Internet and

WWW Basics, Internet standards and
protocols, IP addressing, Data communication
on internet, Domain name system
• Networking devices – Bridges, Switches,
Routers etc., Role of ISP’s on Internet, Getting
Domain name and IP addresses,
Understanding electronic mail
Course Outline Continued…
• Markup languages and the Web, Web
designing using HTML, CSS and
JavaScripting
• Client side & server side processing,
Cookies, Maintaining state in a stateless
environment, Two tier/n-tier architecture
• Security issues on the internet,
Firewalls, Proxy Server, Virtual Private
Network
Course Outline Continued…

 Cryptography and Public key

infrastructure (PKI), Certification
Authorities and Digital Certificates,
Digital signatures Technology
 Electronic Payment Systems – VirtualP
in payment system, Centralized account
system, Electronic Check, E-Cash, SSL
and SET based payment systems
 
Course Outline Continued…
 E-business–
advantages/disadvantages, Paper and
electronic catalogues
 Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)
 E-business models
 Internet marketing
 Data mining and knowledge discovery
Process, OLAP, Types and business
application of data mining
 Course Outline Continued…
• E-business strategy, supply chain/value
chain analysis and Porter’s model, role of
e-commerce in competitive strategy
• E-banking, ERP
• Legal/policy issues in e-commerce –
salient features of Electronic Transactions
Ordinance, 2002 in Pakistan
 Course Outline Continued…
• Territorial jurisdiction and conflict of laws,
online contracts, online defamation,
Copyright in Cyberspace
• Issue of ISP’s liability, domain-name and
trade mark conflicts, privacy issue on the
internet, Cyber crimes
 Suggested Books
• Electronic Commerce (4th edition) by Gary
P. Schneider
• Electronic Commerce : Security, Risk
Management and Control by Greenstein &
Feinman
• Electronic commerce – A Managerial
Perspective by Turban et al.
 Other Reference Books
• Absolute Beginner’s Guide to Networking (3rd
edition) by Joe Habraken
• Creating a Web Page (5th edition) by Paul
Mcfedries
• Web Security, Privacy & Commerce by
Garfinkel & Spafford
• Data Mining – Concepts & Techniques by
Han Kamber
• E-commerce – Strategy, Technologies and
Applications by David Whiteley
• Internet Law in Canada (6th edition) by
Michael Geist
 E-Commerce - Definition

• Electronic commerce is an
emerging concept that describes
the process of buying and selling or
exchanging of products, services
and information via computer
networks including the internet
E-Commerce – classification…

• A common classification of EC is by the

nature of transaction:
– Business-to-business (B2B): electronic market
transactions that take place between organizations
– Business-to-consumer (B2C): retailing
transactions with individual shoppers – typical
shopper at Amazon.com is a consumer
– Consumer-to-consumer (C2C): consumer sells
directly to consumers, examples - individuals
selling in classified ads, auction sites allowing
individuals to put up items for auction – e.g, e-bay
 EC Classification
– Consumer-to-Business (C2B): individuals who sell
products or services to organizations and those
who seek sellers and conclude a transaction
– Intrabusiness (organizational) EC: all internal
organizational activities involving exchange of
goods, services or information, selling corporate
products to employees, online training and cost
reduction activities
– Non-business EC: academic institutions, not-for-
profit organizations, religious/social organizations
and government agencies using EC to improve
their operations, customer service and reduce
expense
 Basics
• Web client- machine that initiates internet
request
• Web server – machine that services internet
request
• Brower - software at the client side to interact
with web data
• Intranet – an internal network of computers
confined to a single place
• Extranet – when two or more intranets are
connected with each other, they form an
Extranet – e.g, Virtual Private Network
• Internet – a global network of networks
 Client-Server Model

Client
file
A Server X

Internet
Client file
B Server Y
 What is the Web ?

• The Web is a protocol that uses the internet

as the communication structure
• The web links documents stored in computers
that communicate on the internet
• Based on Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
- native protocol of WWW designed for
making web page requests
• HTTP is a FOUR step process per
transaction
 HTTP Connection
1. Client
– Makes a HTTP request for a web page
– Makes a TCP/IP connection
2. Sever accepts request
– Sends page as HTTP
3. Client downloads page
4. Server breaks the connection
 Side Effects of http transfers
• A record is left of all web transaction
• Resides in log files generated at the server
• Good news : user data recorded
• Bad news: what about user privacy?
• Common log file (CLF) format – identity,
date, request, status etc.
 What is a network?
1. A network can be anything from a simple
collection of computers at one location
connected through a connectivity media to the
internet (a global network of networks)
2. Local Area Network (LAN) is a server-based
network confined to a particular area/place
3. Most LANs consist of many clients and a few
servers
 LAN setup

Networ
k server

Client Client
Machine Machine

Hub
Print
Printer
Printer Server
 OSI Network Model
1. International Organization for Standards
(ISO)
2. In 1970’s came ISO’s OSI model – a
conceptual model for network
communications
3. OSI - Open System Interconnection
Reference Model
4. 7 layer architecture
 ISO OSI model

Sender Side Receiver Side

Application layer Application layer

Presentation layer Presentation layer
Session layer Session layer
Transport layer Transport layer
Network layer Network layer
Data link layer Data link layer
Physical layer Physical layer
 ISO OSI model

Sender Side Receiver Side

Application layer Application layer

Presentation layer Presentation layer
Session layer Session layer
Transport layer Transport layer
Network layer Network layer
Data link layer Data link layer
Physical layer Physical layer
 TCP/IP Stack Mapped To OSI
Model
OSI Model TCP/IP Stack
Application

Presentation Telnet HTTP SMTP FTP

Session

Transport TCP UDP

Network IP RIP ARP

Data Link Network Interface Card Drivers

Physical
 TCP/IP Protocol Stack
Members
HTTP Used for web page requests
Telnet Terminal Emulation Protocol – connects a local computer with a
remote computer
FTP File Transfer Protocol - provides an interface and services for file
transfer over the network – upload from local to remote & vice versa
SMTP Simple Mail Transport Protocol – provides e-mail services on the
internet
TCP Transmission Control Protocol – connection-oriented transport protocol

UDP User Datagram Protocol – connectionless transport protocol

IP Internet Protocol – provides basis for IP addressing on the network

ARP Address Resolution Protocol – maps IP address to MAC hardware

address
RIP Routing Information Protocol – Routing protocol used by routers to
determine the best path for packets on the network
140.57.220.200 140.57

Host Machine
Getting the binary bits:Example

140.57.220.200

140 57 220 200

11011100 11001000
10001100 00111001
Decimal To Binary

2 57

2 28 1

2 14 0 00111001=57

2 7 0

2 3 1

1 1
 Binary To Decimal

20x1+21*0+22*0+23*1+24*1+25*1+26*
0+27*0=57
 Look again at binary
addresses????
 Classes of networks – A,B,C,D and E
 Network number starting with 0
- 0111 1111 is the biggest number equal to 127 in decimal
- So, 0-127 is the range of class A networks
 Network number starting with 10
- 1000 0000 is equal to 128 in decimal
- 1011 1111 is equal to 191 in decimal
- So, 128-191 is the range of class B networks
 Network number starting with 110
-1100 0000 is equal to 192 in decimal
- 1101 1111 is equal to 223 in decimal
- So, 192-223 is the range of class C networks
 Network number starting with 111
- So, 224-255 is the range of class D & E networks
- Special multicast and experimental groups
 Only first byte tells network class
 Classes

• Class A – large networks (net 1 byte/host3)

0 Network host

• Class B – medium networks (net 2 bytes/host 2)

1 0 Network host

• Class C – small networks (net 3 bytes/host 1)

110 Network host
57.120.40.55 Class A

130.45.29.255 Class B

200.1.65.72 Class C
 www.cs.vu.edu 129.167.69.45

How do we get the IP address?

• Domain name servers translate the domain name to IP

address.
ecom . cs . vu . edu
Web server Sub
SLD TLD
Domain
 Domain Hierarchy

int
edu com pk
gov
net org
vu pu

cs ms

ecom1 ecom2
 Name Resolution
2 Root
Name
server
u
c s .vu.ed 233
. 8.
1 ecom . 1 96.12 3
d u, 128
vu.e 4
ecom.cs.vu.edu Local VU
ecom.cs.vu.edu
client Name Name
8 cs.vu.edu, 192.12.69.5
192.12.69.60 server 5 server
ecom
.c
ecom s.vu.edu
.cs.v
u.ed 6
u
192.
12.6
CS
9.60
Name
server
7

16
• http://vu.edu
• http://cs.vu.edu
• http://ecom.cs.vu.edu
• http://www.cs.vu.edu/folder/home.html
 MAC Address

• Consists of 12 hexadecimal characters

• 090017A9B2EF
• 09:00:17:A9:B2:EF
• 09-00-17-A9-B2-EF
• A pattern of 48 bits is available
• 2 48 unique MAC addresses possible
• Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers
(IEEE) administers the allocation of MAC
addresses
Bus Topology
Star Topology

Hub
Ring Topology
 Data Packet

Bridge
S1
S1 S3
S3

S2
S2
 100

140.57 R1 R2 BB
AA

R3 R4

R5 R6
Data Network
Packet server

1-
2 - MAC?
Router
(Destination) 3 - 009B6D359F1C

4 - Data Packet
sent

Web Server
 Web Server

ISP

IAP3
NAP NAP
MAE
NAP

NAP NAP
MAE

IAP2
IAP1

ISP

Client
 100

140.57 R1 R2 BB
AA

R3 R4

R5 R6