Evolution of Cellular Telephone

EVOLUTION OF CELLULAR TELEPHONE
AND
CELLULAR TELEPHONE
Prepared By:
Cepillo, Cecille B.
EVOLUTION OF CELLULAR TELEPHONE
 July 28, 1945 - Saturday Evening Post, E. K. Jett, then the
commissioner of the FCC, hinted of a cellular telephone scheme
that he referred to as simply a small-zone radiotelephone
system.
 June 17, 1946 - in St. Louis, Missouri, AT&T and Southwestern
Bell introduced the first American commercial mobile radio-
telephone service to private customers.
 In the same year, similar services were offered to 25 major
cities throughout the United States. Each city utilized one base
station consisting of a high-powered transmitter and a sensitive
receiver that were centrally located on a hilltop or tower that
covered an area within a 30- to 50-mile radius of the base
station.
 1947 - AT&T introduced a radio-telephone service they called
highway service between New York and Boston. The system
operated in the 35-MHz to 45-MHz band.
 1940s – introduced the first half-duplex, PTT FM mobile
telephone systems operated in the 35-MHz to 45-MHz band and
required 120-kHz bandwidth per channel.
 In the early 1950s - the FCC doubled the number of mobile
telephone channels by reducing the bandwidth to 60 kHz per
channel.
 1960 - AT&T introduced direct-dialing, full-duplex mobile
telephone service with other performance enhancements,
 1968n - AT&T proposed the concept of a cellular mobile system
to the FCC with the intent of alleviating the problem of spectrum
congestion in the existing mobile telephone systems.
 1966 - Don Adams, in a television show called Get Smart,
unveiled the most famous mobile telephone to date: the fully
mobile shoe phone.
- Some argue that the 1966 Batphone supra was even more
remarkable, but it remained firmly anchored to the Batmobile,
limiting Batman and Robin to vehicle-based telephone
communications.
 1974 - the FCC allocated an additional 40-MHz bandwidth for
cellular telephone service (825 MHz to 845 MHz and 870 MHz
to 890 MHz).
 1975 - the FCC granted AT&T the first license to operate a
developmental cellular telephone service in Chicago.
 1976 - the Bell Mobile Phone service for metropolitan New
York City (approximately 10 million people) offered only 12
channels that could serve a maximum of 543 subscribers.
 1976 - the FCC granted authorization to the American Radio
Telephone Service (ARTS) to install a second developmental
system in the Baltimore–Washington, D.C., area.
 1983 - the FCC allocated 666 30-kHz half-duplex mobile
telephone channels to AT&T to form the first U.S. cellular
telephone system called Advanced Mobile Phone System
(AMPS).
 1991 - the first digital cellular services were introduced in several
major U.S. cities, enabling a more efficient utilization of the
available bandwidth using voice compression.
 November 17, 1998 - a subsidiary of Motorola Corporation
implemented Iridium, a satellite-based wireless personal
communications satellite system (PCSS).
CELLULAR TELEPHONE
 The key principles of cellular telephone (sometimes called

cellular radio) were uncovered in 1947 by researchers at Bell
Telephone Laboratories and other telecommunications
companies throughout the world when they developed the basic
concepts and theory of cellular telephone.
 Coverage zone - by subdividing a relatively large geographic
market area
 Cells - into small sections
 Cellular telephone systems allow a large number of users to

share the limited number of common-usage radiochannels
available in a region.
 Cellular telephone systems allow a large number of users to share
the limited number of common-usage radio channels available in
a region.
Fundamental Concepts of Cellular Telephone

 The fundamental concepts of cellular telephone are quite simple.
The FCC originally defined geographic cellular radio coverage
areas on the basis of modified 1980 census figures. With the
cellular concept, each area is further divided into hexagonal-
shaped cells that fit together to form a honeycomb pattern as
shown in Figure 1a.
 The smallest cells (called microcells) typically have a radius of
1500 feet or less with base station transmit powers between 0.1
W and 1 W. Figure 1b shows a cellular configuration with two
sizes of cell.
 The physical size of a cell varies, depending on user density and
calling patterns. For example, large cells (called macrocells)
typically have a radius between 1 mile and 15 miles with base
station transmit powers between 1 W and 6 W.
 Microcells are used most often in high-density areas such as
found in large cities and inside buildings. By virtue of their low
effective working radius, microcells exhibit milder propagation
impairments, such as reflections and signal delays.
 Macrocells may overlay clusters of microcells with slow-
moving mobile units using the microcells and faster-moving
units using the macrocells.
 Cellular radio signals are too weak to provide reliable
communications indoors. This is especially true in well-
shielded areas or areas with high levels of interference. In
these circumstances, very small cells, called picocells, are
used. Indoor picocells can use the same frequencies as
regular cells in the same areas if the surrounding
infrastructure is conducive, such as in underground malls.
 Cellular telephone is an intriguing mobile radio concept that
calls for replacing a single, high-powered fixed base station
located high above the center of a city with multiple, low-
powered duplicates of the fixed infrastructure distributed
over the coverage area on sites placed closer to the ground.
The cellular concept adds a spatial dimension to the simple
cable-trunking model found in typical wireline telephone
systems.

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EVOLUTION OF CELLULAR TELEPHONE

 The key principles of cellular telephone (sometimes called

 Cellular telephone systems allow a large number of users to

Fundamental Concepts of Cellular Telephone

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