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Salahaddin University College of Science Chemistry Department

This document summarizes information about boiling point elevation. It defines boiling point as the temperature at which vapor pressure equals the surrounding pressure and a liquid changes to a vapor. It explains that adding a non-volatile solute raises the boiling point of a solvent, and this relationship can be understood through vapor pressure. Boiling point elevation is considered a colligative property that depends on the amount of solute but not its identity. The document provides examples of how boiling point varies in different environments due to pressure. It distinguishes boiling point from evaporation and outlines an experimental procedure for determining molecular weight using boiling point elevation.

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Qanh Zrar
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87 views17 pages

Salahaddin University College of Science Chemistry Department

This document summarizes information about boiling point elevation. It defines boiling point as the temperature at which vapor pressure equals the surrounding pressure and a liquid changes to a vapor. It explains that adding a non-volatile solute raises the boiling point of a solvent, and this relationship can be understood through vapor pressure. Boiling point elevation is considered a colligative property that depends on the amount of solute but not its identity. The document provides examples of how boiling point varies in different environments due to pressure. It distinguishes boiling point from evaporation and outlines an experimental procedure for determining molecular weight using boiling point elevation.

Uploaded by

Qanh Zrar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Salahaddin university

college of science
chemistry department

Boiling point
Prepared by : Qani’ abdulqahar
Halima rzgar
Supervise : Rupak & Avin
outline
- phase change
- introduction
- boiling point elevation
- boiling point elevation and vapor pressure
- colligative properties
- boiling point and evaporation
- B.P in deference place
-what is deference between B.P and evaporation
- the big mistake
- procedure
Introduction

- The boiling point of a substance is the temperature at which the


vapor pressure of a liquid equals the pressure surrounding the liquid and the
liquid changes into a vapor.
BOILING POINT ELEVATION

Boiling-point elevation describes the phenomenon that the boiling point of a liquid (a solvent) will be higher when another
compound is added, meaning that a solution has a higher boiling point than a pure solvent. This happens whenever a non-volatile
solute, such as a salt, is added to a pure solvent, such as water. The boiling point can be measured accurately using an
ebullioscope.
The relations between boiling point elevation and vapor pressure

boiling point elevation can be explained in terms of vapor pressure. Vapor pressure
is defined as the pressure exerted by a vapor in thermodynamic equilibrium with
its condensed phases at a given temperature
colligative properties

properties can be considered colligative only if they are


dependent on the amount of solute present in the solution,
disregarding the identity of the solute itself

The boiling point of a solvent will increase when a solute is


dissolved in it. This is referred to as boiling point elevation.
The elevation of the boiling point is directly dependent on
the amount of solute present in the solution, but it is not
based on the identity of the solute, so it is considered a
colligative property.
effect of colligative properties
Boiling point in deference place ( pressure )

EXAMPLE : WATER
AT SEA LEVEL = 100C°
IN THE LAB = 91C°
AT MOUNT HIMALAYA = 67 C°
WHAT IS DEFERENCE BETWEEN BOILING
POINT AND EVAPORATION

Boiling
1. Occurs at a fixed temperature
2.quick process
3 .Takes place throughout the liquid
4 Bubbles are formed in the liquid
5. Temperature remains constant.
6.Thermal energy supplied by an
energy source

Evaporation
1.Occurs at any temperature
2. Slow process
The big mistake
Procedure
1- a known quantity of organic solvent is placed in the round bottom
flask
2-heated very gently , and B.P (Tº)of the solvent is determined ,at
which equilibrium has been attained
3- cool it , add (0.5 gm ) of the solute & dissolving it in the solvent ,
then heat very gently unit equilibrium is reached & the B.P of
solution is determined
4- ∆T = T-Tº
5-Determine the M.wt.
Determination molecular weight by boiling point elevation

•  Volume of solvent = 10 ml
• Weight of solute = 0.5 gm
• Tº ( Solvent ) = 91 Cº
• T (Solution ) = 92 Cº
• ∆T = 1 C°
• ∆T =
• m.wt = 25.25
Reference

https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Physical_and_Theoretic
al_Chemistry_Textbook_Maps/Sup

https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/General_Chemistry/Bo
ok%3A_Chem1_(Lower)/08%3A_Sol

plemental_Modules_(Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry)/
Physical_Properties_of_Matter/Solution

https://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/solutions/eboil.html

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/boiling-point
-elevation

https://en.m.wikibooks.org/wiki/General_Chemistry/Properties_
of_Solutions
thanks

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