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String Buffer

StringBuffer implements a mutable sequence of characters that can be modified unlike strings. It automatically increases its capacity as needed when the character sequence exceeds the current capacity. Common methods for StringBuffer include append(), insert(), delete(), replace() to modify the character sequence and length(), capacity(), substring() to extract part of the sequence.

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226 views22 pages

String Buffer

StringBuffer implements a mutable sequence of characters that can be modified unlike strings. It automatically increases its capacity as needed when the character sequence exceeds the current capacity. Common methods for StringBuffer include append(), insert(), delete(), replace() to modify the character sequence and length(), capacity(), substring() to extract part of the sequence.

Uploaded by

optimistic_harish
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Programming in Java

Lecture 13: StringBuffer


Introduction
A string buffer implements a mutable sequence of characters.

A string buffer is like a String, but can be modified.

 At any point in time it contains some particular sequence of


characters, but the length and content of the sequence can be
changed through certain method calls.

 Every string buffer has a capacity.

 When the length of the character sequence contained in the


string buffer exceed the capacity, it is automatically made
larger.
Introduction
 String buffers are used by the compiler to implement the
binary string concatenation operator +.

 For example:
x = "a" + 4 + "c"

is compiled to the equivalent of:

x = new StringBuffer().append("a").append(4).
append("c") .toString()
Why StringBuffer?
 StringBuffer is a peer class of String that provides much of the
functionality of strings.

 String represents fixed-length, immutable character sequences. In


contrast, StringBuffer represents growable and writeable character
sequences.

 StringBuffer may have characters and substrings inserted in the


middle or appended to the end.

 StringBuffer will automatically grow to make room for such


additions.
StringBuffer Constructors
 StringBuffer defines these four constructors:

◦ StringBuffer( )
◦ StringBuffer(int size)
◦ StringBuffer(String str)
◦ StringBuffer(CharSequence chars)

 The default constructor reserves room for 16 characters without


reallocation.

 By allocating room for a few extra characters(size +16),


StringBuffer reduces the number of reallocations that take place.
Brain Storming
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
System.out.println(sb.capacity());

StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(65);


System.out.println(sb.capacity());

StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(“A”);


System.out.println(sb.capacity());

StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer('A');


System.out.println(sb.capacity());
StringBuffer Methods
length( ) and capacity( )
The current length of a StringBuffer can be found via the length( ) method,
while the total allocated capacity can be found through the capacity( )
method.
int length( )
int capacity( )
Example:
class StringBufferDemo {
public static void main(String args[]) {
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(“New Zealand");
System.out.println("length = " + sb.length());
System.out.println("capacity = " + sb.capacity());
}
}
ensureCapacity( )
 Ifwe want to preallocate room for a certain number of
characters after a StringBuffer has been constructed, we can
use ensureCapacity( ) to set the size of the buffer.

 Thisis useful if we know in advance that we will be


appending a large number of small strings to a StringBuffer.

void ensureCapacity(int capacity)

 Here, capacity specifies the size of the buffer.


Important
 When the length of StringBuffer becomes larger than the
capacity then memory reallocation is done:

 In case of StringBuffer, reallocation of memory is done using


the following rule:

 Ifthe new_length <= 2*(original_capacity + 1), then


new_capacity = 2*(original_capacity + 1)
 Else, new_capacity = new_length.
setLength( )
 used to set the length of the buffer within a StringBuffer object.
void setLength(int length)

 Here, length specifies the length of the buffer.

 When we increase the size of the buffer, null characters are added to
the end of the existing buffer.

 If we call setLength( ) with a value less than the current value


returned by length( ), then the characters stored beyond the new
length will be lost.
charAt( ) and setCharAt( )
 The value of a single character can be obtained from a
StringBuffer via the charAt( ) method.

 We can set the value of a character within a StringBuffer


using setCharAt( ).
char charAt(int index)
void setCharAt(int index, char ch)
getChars( )

 getChars( ) method is used to copy a substring of a


StringBuffer into an array.

void getChars(int sourceStart, int sourceEnd, char target[ ],


int targetStart)
append( )
 The append( ) method concatenates the string representation
of any other type of data to the end of the invoking
StringBuffer object.

 It has several overloaded versions.


◦ StringBuffer append(String str)
◦ StringBuffer append(int num)
◦ StringBuffer append(Object obj)
Example
class appendDemo {
public static void main(String args[]) {
String s;
int a = 42;
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(40);
s = sb.append("a = ").append(a).append("!")
.toString();
System.out.println(s);
}
}
insert( )
 The insert( ) method inserts one string into another.

 Itis overloaded to accept values of all the simple types, plus


Strings, Objects, and CharSequences.

 This string is then inserted into the invoking StringBuffer


object.

◦ StringBuffer insert(int index, String str)


◦ StringBuffer insert(int index, char ch)
◦ StringBuffer insert(int index, Object obj)
Example

class insertDemo {
public static void main(String args[]) {
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer("I Java!");
sb.insert(2, "like ");
System.out.println(sb);
}
}
reverse( )
 Used to reverse the characters within a StringBuffer object.
 This method returns the reversed object on which it was called.

StringBuffer reverse()

Example:
class ReverseDemo {
public static void main(String args[]) {
StringBuffer s = new StringBuffer(“Banana");
System.out.println(s);
s.reverse();
System.out.println(s);
}
}
delete( ) and deleteCharAt( )
 Used to delete characters within a StringBuffer.

StringBuffer delete(int startIndex, int endIndex)


StringBuffer deleteCharAt(int index)

 The delete( ) method deletes a sequence of characters from


the invoking object (from startIndex to endIndex-1).

 The deleteCharAt( ) method deletes the character at the


specified index.

 It returns the resulting StringBuffer object.


Example
class deleteDemo {
public static void main(String args[]) {
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(“She is not a good girl.”);
sb.delete(7, 11);
System.out.println("After delete: " + sb);
sb.deleteCharAt(7);
System.out.println("After deleteCharAt: " + sb);
}
}
replace( )
 Used to replace one set of characters with another set inside a
StringBuffer object.

StringBuffer replace(int startIndex, int endIndex, String str)

 The substring being replaced is specified by the indexes startIndex


and endIndex.

 Thus, the substring at startIndex through endIndex–1 is replaced.

 The replacement string is passed in str.

 The resulting StringBuffer object is returned.


Example
class replaceDemo {
public static void main(String args[]) {
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer("This is a test.");
sb.replace(5, 7, "was");
System.out.println("After replace: " + sb);
}
}
substring( )
 Used to obtain a portion of a StringBuffer by calling substring( ).

String substring(int startIndex)


String substring(int startIndex, int endIndex)

 Thefirst form returns the substring that starts at startIndex and


runs to the end of the invoking StringBuffer object.

 Thesecond form returns the substring that starts at startIndex


and runs through endIndex–1.

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