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Unit - 3 Values and Data Types: Computer Applications-Lorven Public School, Chanadapura

The document discusses different topics related to values and data types in Java, including character sets, encoding of characters, tokens, keywords, literals, operators, primitive and non-primitive data types, and type conversion. It explains that characters in Java are encoded using techniques like ASCII and Unicode, and that tokens are the basic building blocks of a Java program consisting of keywords, identifiers, literals, operators, and punctuators. It also discusses the different primitive data types in Java along with type conversion between compatible and incompatible data types.

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2K views22 pages

Unit - 3 Values and Data Types: Computer Applications-Lorven Public School, Chanadapura

The document discusses different topics related to values and data types in Java, including character sets, encoding of characters, tokens, keywords, literals, operators, primitive and non-primitive data types, and type conversion. It explains that characters in Java are encoded using techniques like ASCII and Unicode, and that tokens are the basic building blocks of a Java program consisting of keywords, identifiers, literals, operators, and punctuators. It also discusses the different primitive data types in Java along with type conversion between compatible and incompatible data types.

Uploaded by

ks.ashwini
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIT -3

Values and Data Types

Computer applications-Lorven public school, chanadapura.


Introduction

 Each statement in java is formed by using different words called “Tokens”.


 Each token is formed by valid characters.
 Hence characters are the fundamental units of JAVA.

Computer applications-Lorven public school, chanadapura.


Character sets in JAVA

Character Sets

Letters Digits Delimiters Operators

Computer applications-Lorven public school, chanadapura.


 Letters: A-Z AND a-z
 Digits : 0-9
 Delimiters: these are the special characters .
 Braces- (),[],{}
 Dot- .
 Comma- ,
 Semicolon: ;
 Operators: special symbols used to perform operations .
 Arithmetic operators: +, -, *,/,% etc..
 Logical operators: &&,||,!
 Relational operators: <,>,<=,>= etc..

Computer applications-Lorven public school, chanadapura.


Encoding of characters

 Characters that we enter are converted to machine language, i.e. it is stored


in binary form.
 It is converted using encoding techniques.
 There are 2 types of encoding techniques, they are
 ASCII-American standard code for information exchange.
 Unicode
 Each character has a code I any encoding technique.

Computer applications-Lorven public school, chanadapura.


ASCII

Computer applications-Lorven public school, chanadapura.


Unicode

 Unicode provides a unique number for every character,


no matter what the platform,
no matter what the program,
no matter what the language.
 The code contains hexadecimal digits ranging from 0x0000 to FxFFFF

Computer applications-Lorven public school, chanadapura.


Escape sequences

Computer applications-Lorven public school, chanadapura.


Tokens

 Keywords
 Identifiers
 Literals
 Operators
 Punctuators
 Separators
 Assignment

Computer applications-Lorven public school, chanadapura.


Keywords

 Keywords in Java are predefined or reserved words that have special meaning


to the Java compiler.

Computer applications-Lorven public school, chanadapura.


Identifiers

Computer applications-Lorven public school, chanadapura.


Literals

Computer applications-Lorven public school, chanadapura.


Assignment

Computer applications-Lorven public school, chanadapura.


Operators

 An operator in Java is a special symbol that signifies the compiler to perform


some specific mathematical or non-mathematical operations on one or more
operands.

Computer applications-Lorven public school, chanadapura.


Punctuators and separators

Computer applications-Lorven public school, chanadapura.


Computer applications-Lorven public school, chanadapura.
Primitive data types
 Declaration vs initialization
 int x;
 x=2;
 Default initialization

Computer applications-Lorven public school, chanadapura.


Static vs dynamic initialization

Computer applications-Lorven public school, chanadapura.


Non-primitive data-types

 These are derived by primitive data types.


 They are also called derived types reference types and composite types.
 Here instead of storing data these data types store reference to memory
location, where actually the data is stored.

Computer applications-Lorven public school, chanadapura.


Type conversion

 Implicit type conversion


 conversion takes place when two data types are automatically converted.
This happens when
 The two data types are compatible.
 When we assign value of a smaller data type to a bigger data type.
 Byte char short int long float double
 Example: int a; long b, c;
 c= a + b;
 Here the answer is automatically converted to long.

Computer applications-Lorven public school, chanadapura.


Type conversion

 Explicit type conversion


 If we want to assign a value of larger data type to a smaller data type we
perform explicit type casting or narrowing.
 This is useful for incompatible data types where automatic conversion cannot
be done.
 Here, target-type specifies the desired type to convert the specified value to.

Computer applications-Lorven public school, chanadapura.


example

public class MyClass


{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
double myDouble = 9.78;
int myInt = (int) myDouble; // Manual casting: double to int

System.out.println(myDouble); // Outputs 9.78


System.out.println(myInt); // Outputs 9
}
}
Computer applications-Lorven public school, chanadapura.

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