1
Introduction to Information Systems
Essentials for the Internetworked E-Business Enterprise
Eleventh Edition
James A. O’Brien
Chapter
5
Data
Resource
Management
Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
James A. O’Brien Introduction to Information Systems Eleventh Edition 2
Chapter Objectives
• Explain the importance of implementing data
resource management processes and
technologies in an organization.
• Outline the advantages of a database
management approach to managing the data
resources of a business.
• Explain how database management software
helps business professionals and supports the
operations and management of a business.
Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
James A. O’Brien Introduction to Information Systems Eleventh Edition 3
Chapter Objectives
• Provide examples to illustrate each of the
following concepts:
– Major types of databases
– Data warehouses and data mining
– Logical data elements
– Fundamental database structures
– Database access methods
– Database development.
Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
James A. O’Brien Introduction to Information Systems Eleventh Edition 4
Logical Data Elements
Personnel
Database
Payroll Benefits
File File
Employee Employee Employee Employee
Record 1 Record 2 Record 3 Record 4
Name SS Salary Name SS Salary Name SS Salary Name SS Salary
Data Data Data Data Data Data Data Data Data Data Data Data
Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
James A. O’Brien Introduction to Information Systems Eleventh Edition 5
Database Management Systems
Operating
System
Database
Management Database Databases
Management
System
Application Data
•Database Development Programs Dictionary
•Database Interrogation
•Database Maintenance
•Application Development
Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
James A. O’Brien Introduction to Information Systems Eleventh Edition 6
Major Types of Databases
External
Databases on
the Internet &
Online
Services
Client
PC or
Distributed
NC
Databases on
Intranets &
Network Operational
Databases of
Other Server the Organization
Networks
End User Data Data
Databases
Warehouse Mart
Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
James A. O’Brien Introduction to Information Systems Eleventh Edition 7
Data Warehouse and Data Mining
Client
Operational PC or
Analytical NC
Databases
Data Data Store
Management Enterprise
Subsystem Warehouse
Data Data Mart
Acquisition
Data
DataAccess
Access
Subsystem and
andDelivery
Delivery
Metadata Subsystem
Subsystem
Metadata Directory
Management
Warehouse Subsystem Metadata
Design Repository Web
Web
Subsystem Information
Information
System
System
Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
James A. O’Brien Introduction to Information Systems Eleventh Edition 8
Web-Based Systems
Network
The Internet Server
Intranets
Extranets
Web
Browser
Web Server Web Objects
Software
HTML pages
Client PCs GIF image files
or NCs Video files
Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
James A. O’Brien Introduction to Information Systems Eleventh Edition 9
Data Resource Management
Data
Administratio
n
Data
Planning
Database
Administration
Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
James A. O’Brien Introduction to Information Systems Eleventh Edition 10
Database Structures
Hierarchical Structure Network Structure
Dept Dept A Dept B
Employee Employee Employee
Project A Project B 2 3
1
Employee Employee Project A Project B
1 2
Relational Structure
Dept Dname Dloc Dmgr Empno Ename Etitle Dept
A 1 A
B 2 B
C 3 C
Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
James A. O’Brien Introduction to Information Systems Eleventh Edition 11
Database Structures (cont)
Bank Account Object
Attributes
•Customer
•Balance
Operations
Denver •Deposit
West •Withdraw
Feb
East Actual Budget Checking Account Savings Account
Sales TV Object Object
Attributes Attributes
VCR •Credit Line •Credit Line
•Mthly Statement •Mthly Statement
Margin TV Operations Operations
•Calculate Interest •Calculate Interest
VCR •Print Mthly •Print Mthly
Statement Statement
Multidimensional Object-Oriented
Database Structure Database Structure
Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
James A. O’Brien Introduction to Information Systems Eleventh Edition 12
Accessing Files and Databases
Key
Transformation
Sequential
Key Fields
Organization
URLs
Indexed
Sequential Sequential
Access Access
Method
Direct Access
Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
James A. O’Brien Introduction to Information Systems Eleventh Edition 13
Database Development
1. Data Planning Physical Models
Enterprise Model 5. Physical Design
2. Requirements
Specifications Logical Models
User Needs
4. Logical Design
Description
3. Conceptual Design Data Models
Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
James A. O’Brien Introduction to Information Systems Eleventh Edition 14
Chapter Summary
• Data resource management is a critical
management activity. Management roles
include database administration, data planning,
and data administration.
• Under the database management approach,
data records are consolidated into databases
that can be accessed by many different
application programs, serving multiple users.
Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
James A. O’Brien Introduction to Information Systems Eleventh Edition 15
Chapter Summary (cont)
• Database management systems are software
packages that simplify the creation, use, and
maintenance of databases.
• Several types of databases are used by
organizations including operational,
distributed, external, data warehouses and data
marts.
• Database development for large corporate
databases requires a top-down planning effort
involving planning, requirements specification
and logical and physical design.
Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
