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    Surface Anatomy of Heart

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    ramesh5889
    The document summarizes the surface anatomy and landmarks of the heart as seen from the anterior chest wall. It describes the location of the sternal angle, nipple, and cardiac apex. It outlines the borders and outlines of the heart as seen on chest x-ray. Finally, it indicates the normal auscultation areas for the four heart sounds: mitral, tricuspid, pulmonary, and aortic.

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    Surface Anatomy of Heart

    Uploaded by

    ramesh5889
    473 views12 pages
    The document summarizes the surface anatomy and landmarks of the heart as seen from the anterior chest wall. It describes the location of the sternal angle, nipple, and cardiac apex. It outlines the borders and outlines of the heart as seen on chest x-ray. Finally, it indicates the normal auscultation areas for the four heart sounds: mitral, tricuspid, pulmonary, and aortic.

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    The document summarizes the surface anatomy and landmarks of the heart as seen from the anterior chest wall. It describes the location of the sternal angle, nipple, and cardiac apex. It outlines the borders and outlines of the heart as seen on chest x-ray. Finally, it indicates the normal auscultation areas for the four heart sounds: mitral, tricuspid, pulmonary, and aortic.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    473 views12 pages

    Surface Anatomy of Heart

    Uploaded by

    ramesh5889
    The document summarizes the surface anatomy and landmarks of the heart as seen from the anterior chest wall. It describes the location of the sternal angle, nipple, and cardiac apex. It outlines the borders and outlines of the heart as seen on chest x-ray. Finally, it indicates the normal auscultation areas for the four heart sounds: mitral, tricuspid, pulmonary, and aortic.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 12
    At a glance
    Powered by AI
    The key takeaways are the anatomical landmarks and borders of the heart as well as the locations for auscultating heart sounds.

    The main anatomical landmarks of the heart include the apex, sternal angle, borders of the heart and auscultation areas for heart sounds.

    The borders of the heart include the left border formed mainly by the left ventricle, the right border formed by the right atrium, the superior border formed by the roots of the great vessels, and the inferior border formed by the right ventricle and apical part of the left ventricle.

    SURFACE ANATOMY

    OF HEART

    FSM 2008
    STERNAL AORTA

    ANGLE:

    SUPERIO
    R
    BORDER:

    LEFT
    PULMONAR
    Y ARTERY
    LEFT BORDER:
    RIGHT
    PULMONARY
    ARTERY

    RIGHT APEX:
    BORDER:

    INFERIOR PULMONAR
    Surface Markings
    PRECORDIUM
    The anterior aspect of chest wall which overlies the heart.
    STERNAL ANGLE:
    •Also called Angle of Louis
    •Formed by articulation of manubrium & the body of sternum.
    •Recognized by the presence of transverse ridge on anterior
    aspect of sternum
    NIPPLE
    Lies normally in 4th intercoastal space 4” away from median plane.
    It varies with age and sex.
    APEX:
    •Formed by LV corresponds to apex beat.
    •Found in 5th intercostal space at mid clavicular line or 3.5”
    (9cm) from mid sternal line; just below nipple.
    Landmarks on Precordium:
    •Midsternal line- a vertical line drawing from the midpoint
    of suprasternal notch
    •Midclavicular line- a vertical line drawn midway between
    middle of suprasternal notch and the tip of acromion.
     Axillary Folds
    • The anterior fold is formed by lower border of pectoralis major
    muscle. The anterior axillary line runs vertically downward
    from anterior axillary fold.
    • The posterior fold is formed by the tendon of Latissimus dorsi
    muscle as it passes round the lower border of Teres major
    muscle. The posterior axillary line runs vertically downward
    from posterior axillary fold.
    • The mid axillary line runs vertically midway between anterior
    and posterior axillary line from the apex of the axilla.
    BORDERS OF THE HEART

    INFERIOR (Lower) BORDER:


    •Formed by RV and apical part of LV.
    •Extends from right 6th costal cartilage 1/2” from
    sternal edge to apex

    SUPERIOR BORDER:
    •Formed by roots of great vessels.
    •Extends from a point on left 2nd costal cartilage
    (remember sternal angle) 1/2” (1.3cm) from the
    edge of sternum to a point on right 3rd Costal
    cartilage 1/2” from the edge of sternum
    BORDERS OF THE HEART
    LEFT BORDER:

    •Formed by LV extends from a point left 2nd costal


    cartilage 1/2” from edge of sternum or 1” from the
    median plane to the apex beat of heart. Join these
    two points by a line with convexity upwards and to
    the left. This border corresponds mainly to the left
    ventricle and partly to the left auricle.
    RIGHT BORDER:
    •formed by right atrium extends from a point on right 3rd
    costal cartilage 1/2” from the edge of sternum or 1” from
    median plane, downward to a point on right 6th costal
    cartilage 1/2” from the sternal margin. Join these two lines by a
    convex line towards right. Maximum convexity lies at a
    distance of 1&1/2” from median plane in 4th intercoastal space.
    The Normal Cardiac outline: XRAY
    • The heart is seen as a flask shaped shadow lying
    between translucent lungs, about 1/3rd of its area to
    right of midline and two-thirds to left.
    • The Right border- From above downwards by two
    curves:
    1. A slight curved portion- the outer edge of SVC with
    ascending aorta
    2. A more convex portion- the outer border of right
    atrium, the lower margin of which lies at diaphragm.
    The Left border- From above downwards:

    •The prominent knuckle produced by arch of aorta


    as it passes backwards, slightly to left then
    downwards.
    •The straighter line of pulmonary artery
    •Left atrial appendages
    •The wide sweep of the left ventricle, ending at
    apex where it rests on diaphragm.
    Location at precordium for Heart Sounds

    AORTIC
    PULMO
    AREA
    NARY
    AREA

    TRICUSPID
    AREA

    MITRAL
    AREA
    Landmarks on Precordium:
    •Mitral area- which corresponds to the apex
    beat at 5th intercoastal space.
    •Tricuspid area- lies just to left of lower
    sternum at 4th intercostal space
    •Pulmonary area- At left 2nd intercoastal space
    at the margin of the sternal border
    •Aortic area- At right 2nd intercoastal space at
    right border of sternum.

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