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Digital Image Processing in Matlab

The document discusses various techniques for displaying and manipulating multiple plots in MATLAB, including using the hold on command to overlay plots, the figure command to display plots in separate windows, and the subplot command to arrange multiple plots in a single figure window with a specified number of rows and columns. It also covers setting axis limits, labels, legends and other plot properties.

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Hira Mazhar
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53 views35 pages

Digital Image Processing in Matlab

The document discusses various techniques for displaying and manipulating multiple plots in MATLAB, including using the hold on command to overlay plots, the figure command to display plots in separate windows, and the subplot command to arrange multiple plots in a single figure window with a specified number of rows and columns. It also covers setting axis limits, labels, legends and other plot properties.

Uploaded by

Hira Mazhar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DIGITAL IMAGE

PROCESSING IN
MATLAB
LECTURE 3
Handling multiple plots
Displaying multiple plots in a graph- hold on
command

 X=1:1:50;
 Y=X.^3;
 A=1:1:100;
 B=A.^2;

 plot(X, Y, 'r')
 hold on;
 plot(A, B, 'g')
‘hold on’ example
4
x 10
14

12

10

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
The ‘figure’ command
 Opens up a new figure for the next plot
 X=1:1:50;
 Y=X.^3;
 A=1:1:100;
 B=A.^2;

 plot(X, Y, 'r')
 figure;
 plot(A, B, 'g')
‘figure’ example
4
x 10
14

12

10

8
10000

6 9000

8000
4
7000
2
6000

0 5000
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
4000

3000

2000

1000

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
To close existing figures

 >>close([1 3])
 closes figures 1 and 3

 >>close all
 closes all open figures (useful in scripts/functions)

 You can also copy paste or save a Matlab figure..


A really nice way of plotting multiple plots will be
like this……..but how to plot this?
How to display multiple plots in different windows of
a single figure?

 subplot(N, M, 1) or subplot(NM1)

 makes a figure with N rows and M columns of axes,


and activates the first axis or the first slot for
plotting

 each axis can have its own label, a legend, and a


title
An example…
 x1=1:1:50;
 y1=x1.^1;

 subplot(2, 2, 1)
 plot(x1, y1)
Consider these 4 sets
 x1=1:1:50;
 y1=x1.^1;

 x2=1:1:100;
 y=x2.^2;

 x3=1:1:75;
 y3=x3.^3;

 x4=1:1:60;
 y4=x4.^4
No of rows=2 and no of columns=2 in the main
figure…..

 subplot(2, 2, 1)
 plot(x1, y1, 'r')

 subplot(2, 2, 2)
 plot(x2, y2, 'g')

 subplot(2, 2, 3)
 plot(x3, y3, 'k')

 subplot(2, 2, 4)
 plot(x4, y4, 'b')
Playing with the Plot
Try this
Other properties
 title('Stress-Strain');
 xlabel(‘this is x axis');
 legend('Steel','Aluminum','Tungsten');
 ylabel(‘this is y axis’)
 grid on
Plot……
Stress-Strain
9
Steel
8 Aluminum
Tungsten

6
this is y ax is

1
1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3
this is x axis
Check out what these commands do to your plot

 xlim([-pi pi]);

 ylim([-1 1]);
To specify both at once, use axis:

axis ( [ XMIN XMAX YMIN YMAX ] )

axis([-pi pi -1 1]);
 sets the x axis limits between -pi and pi and the y axis

limits between -1 and 1

You can set the x and y limits to any values you wish.
Axis Modes
As your homework test these commands after a
plot to see what happens
An exercise
 Use MATLAB to plot the following function for
 -1≤ t ≤ 5 sec (in any increment you want).

 Force the x axis (time axis) limit to be from -1 to 5


 Label x and y axis and give the legend ‘my signal’
Solution graph
To plot in 2D your x and y should be
1D arrays like this (imagine)
BUT to plot in 3D, your x an y should be 2D arrays
like this:
Meshgrid
 It is a built in function of Matlab that extends a 1
dimensional array in 2 D BEFORE
MESHGRID
 Consider this:
 >>q=[1 2 3];
 >> Q=meshgrid(q) AFTER
 Q= MESHGRID

 1 2 3
 1 2 3
 1 2 3
Similarly..

 a=[1 2 3];
 b=[5 6 7];
 [X Y]= meshgrid(a, b)
Surface Plots
 In certain cases, it is better to visualize surfaces in
3D

 surf puts vertices at specified points in space x,


y, z and connects all the vertices to make a
surface

 The vertices can be denoted by matrices X,Y,Z


An exercise before moving forward..

 Define x and y
 x is a row vector starting from –pi and ending at pi
(increments= 0.1)
 y=x
 Apply meshgrid on x and y to get new ‘X’ and ‘Y’
 Define Z to be the multiplication product of sin(X)
and cos (Y).
Introducing the ‘surf’ command

 Now apply this command:

 >>surf(X, Y, Z)
Surf- to make a surface
Surf Options
Contour command

 Surf gives you a 3D plot.

 What if you want the entire information of a surf


plot in a 2D plot?

 Contour command helps you do that.


 The previous ‘surf’ plot that you just made, on the
same figure window, also plot this:
 >>contour(X,Y,Z,'LineWidth',2)

 Now in a new figure window, plot the same


contour command:
 >>contour(X,Y,Z,'LineWidth',2)
Contour
See this plot and rotate it in 3D to understand the
difference between surf and contour

 clear
 clc
 x=-pi:0.1:pi;
 y=-pi:0.1:pi;
 [X,Y]=meshgrid(x,y);
 Z =sin(X).*cos(Y);
 surf(X,Y,Z)
 hold on
 contour(X,Y,Z,'LineWidth',2)
0.2

-0.2

-0.4

-0.6

-0.8

-1

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