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Methods of Data Presentation: Textual Method Tabular Method Graphical Method

The document discusses different methods of presenting data including textual, tabular, and graphical methods. It focuses on the frequency distribution table (FDT) as a tabular method to organize data into classes or categories with their frequencies and percentages. The document outlines the parts of an FDT and provides examples of quantitative and qualitative FDTs. It also discusses steps to construct an FDT and how FDT data can be represented graphically through histograms, polygons, and ogives.

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Melody Garcia
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575 views15 pages

Methods of Data Presentation: Textual Method Tabular Method Graphical Method

The document discusses different methods of presenting data including textual, tabular, and graphical methods. It focuses on the frequency distribution table (FDT) as a tabular method to organize data into classes or categories with their frequencies and percentages. The document outlines the parts of an FDT and provides examples of quantitative and qualitative FDTs. It also discusses steps to construct an FDT and how FDT data can be represented graphically through histograms, polygons, and ogives.

Uploaded by

Melody Garcia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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METHODS OF DATA

PRESENTATION
Textual Method
Tabular Method
Graphical Method
METHODS OF PRESENTING DATA

1. Textual Method – a narrative description of the data gathered.

2. Tabular Method – a systematic arrangement of information into


columns and rows.

3. Graphical Method – an illustrative description of the data.


THE FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION TABLE
(FDT)
• An FDT is a statistical table showing the frequency or number of
observations contained in each of the defined classes or categories.

Parts of an FDT / Statistical Table


1.Heading
2.Body
3.Stubs or classes
4.Caption
THE FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION TABLE
(FDT)

Heading Table 1: Awareness on the Gender Laws and Provisions

Relative
Caption Gender Laws Frequency
Frequency

Magna Carta of Women 6 12%


Anti Trafficking of Women 5 10%
Stubs/ RA 9262 14 28% Body
Classes CEDAW 7 14%
Harassment Bill 18 36%
Total 50 100
Source: Approaching Gender Mainstreaming in the Academe
TYPES OF FDT
• Qualitative or Categorical FDT – an FDT where the data are group
according to some qualitative characteristics; data are grouped into non
numerical categories.
• Quantitative FDT – an FDT where data are grouped according to some
numerical or quantitative characteristics.

Table 1. Frequency Distribution of the Age of the


Respondents
Age Frequency Percentage
16-19 134 66%
20-25 64 32%
26 above 4 2%
total 202 100%
Steps in the Construction of a Frequency
Distribution Table.
Other Columns of a Quantitative FDT
Other Columns of a Quantitative FDT

4. Cumulative frequency (CF)


a. Less than CF (<CF) – total number of observations whose values do
not exceed the UL of the class.
b. Greater than CF (>CF) – total number of observations whose values
are not less than the LL of the class.
5. Relative cumulative frequency (RCF)
a.Less than relative cumulative frequency (<RCF)
b.Greater than relative cumulative frequency (>RCF)
Example
Construct the FDT of the given data set.

Age (in years) of 40 Patients Confined at a certain


Hospital.
5 15 23 27 33 38 44 52
5 15 24 30 33 40 45 53
7 20 25 31 34 42 45 55
10 20 25 31 35 42 50 57
13 21 26 32 36 43 51 57
• Based from the given problem:
• Make an Interpretation and Conclusion.
• Answer the following questions.
• HOW MANY PATIENTS ARE 40 YEARS OLD AND BELOW?
• HOW MANY PATIENTS ARE 23 YEARS OLD AND ABOVE?
• HOW MANY PATIENTS ARE BETWEEN 5-13 YEARS OLD?
• WHAT IS THE PERCENTAGE OF MAJORITY OF THE PATIENTS
CONFINED AT THE HOSPITAL?
• THE AVERAGE AGE OF 22.5% OF THE TOTAL OBSERVATIONS IS
_____.
GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF DATA

Advantages:
•Main features and implications of a body of data can be seen at once.
•Can attract attention and hold the reader’s interest
•Simplifies concepts that would otherwise have been expressed in so many words.
•Can readily clarify data, frequently bring out hidden facts and relationship.
Qualities of a Good Graph
•Accurate
•Clear
•Simple
•Good appearance
COMMON TYPES OF GRAPH

• SCATTER GRAPH – a graph used to represent measurements or values


that are thought to be related.
• LINE CHART – graphical representation of data especially useful for
showing trends over a period of time.
• PIE CHART – a circular graph that is useful in showing how a total
quantity is distributed among a group of categories.
• COLUMN AND BAR GRAPH – like pie chart, this is applicable only to
grouped data. Used for discrete, grouped data of ordinal and nominal.
Graphical representation of the FDT
• FREQUENCY HISTOGRAM – a bar graph that displays the classes on the
horizontal axis and the frequencies of the classes on the vertical axis; the
vertical lines of the bars are erected at the class boundaries and the height of
the bars correspond to the class frequency.
• RELATIVE FREQUENCY HISTOGRAM – a graph that displays the
classes on the horizontal axis and the relative frequencies on the vertical axis.
• FREQUENCY POLYGON – line chart that is constructed by plotting the
frequencies at the class marks. (Frequency vs. class marks).
• OGIVES – graph of the cumulative frequency distribution.
• <OGIVE – the <CF is plotted against the UTCB.
• >OGIVE – the >CF is plotted against the LTCB.
TYPES OF GRAPH
TYPES OF GRAPH

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