TOPIC
BY PRODUCT UTILIZATION IN DAIRY INDUSTRY
AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ITS WASTE
Rozma khan
16BTFT132
DEFINITION:
A dairy by products defined as the product of commercial value
produced during the manufacture of a main product.
During the manufacture of dairy product there is always arises a
problem of its utilization because of its unique nutritional value
and generally it is the most profitable method.
CLASSIFICATION:
MAIN PRODUCT BY-PRODUCT
CREAM SKIM MILK
BUTTER BUTTERMILK
GHEE LASSI
GHEE RESIDUE
CHEESE
CASEIN WHEY
PANEER
Industry will get mentioned by-product if it manufacture cream,
butter, ghee and etc.
BY-PRODUCT,THEIR PRINCIPLE OF UTILIZATION AND
NAMES OF FOOD PRODUCT MADE
BY PRODUCT PRINCIPLE OF FOOD PRODUCTS MADE
UTILIZATION
1)SKIM MILK PASTEURIZATION FLAVOURED MILK
STERILIZATION STERILIZED FLAVOURED
MILK
CULTURED BUTTER MILK
FERMENTATION ACIDOPHILUS MILK
CONCENTRATING CONDENSED SKIM MILK
DRYING DRIED SKIM MILK
COTTAGE CHEESE
COAGULATE BAKER’S CHEESE AND ETC.
2) BUTTERMILK FERMENTATION AND CONDENSED BUTTERMILK
CONCENTRATION
DRYING DRIED BUTTERMILK
COAGULATION SOFT CHEESE
WHEY FERMENTATION WHEY BEVERAGE
YEAST WHEY
CONCENTRATION PLAIN CONDENSED WHEY
WHEY PROTEIN
CONCENTRATE
DRYING DRIED WHEY
COAGULATION RICOTTA CHEESE
LASSI ICING AND SEASONING BEVERAGE
GHEE RESIDUE PROCESSING TOFFEE OR PASTE OR
INDIGENOUS SWEETMEAT
OBJECTIVES OF TREATING DAIRY WASTES
The objectives of treating dairy wastes are to:
1. Reduce the organic content of the waste-water,
2. Remove or reduce nutrients that could cause
pollution of receiving surface waters or
groundwater, and
3. Remove or inactivate potential pathogenic
microorganisms or parasites.
COMPOSITION OF DAIRY WASTE
Milk solids are primarily composed of fats, proteins,
and carbohydrates. Other constituents in dairy waste
water may include sweeteners, gums, flavoring, salt,
cleaners, and sanitizers.
Some minor constituents, such as phosphorus and
chloride, are also very important in the treatment of
dairy wastes. Phosphorus is the element that limits
plant and algal growth in surface waters. Discharge of
any significant levels of phosphorus in waste
effluents to surface waters can lead to decreased
water quality in lakes and streams.
CHARACTERIZATION OF ITS WASTE
• BOD
• COD
• TSS
• Sludge volume
• Conductivity
• pH
• DO
• Mixed liquid suspended solids.
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)
Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) is the amount of dissolved oxygen
(DO) consumed by microorganisms for biochemical oxidation of organic
solids in waste water.
The analytical procedure for determining BOD:
It measures dissolved oxygen consumed by a seeded dilluted waste water.
(The term "seed" refers to microorganisms that consume the
biodegradable organic matter in samples for measurement of
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD).When determining BOD, it
is necessary to have a population of microorganisms that can oxidize (or
consume) the biodegradable organic matter present in the sample) .
Seeded diluted waste water sample incubated at 20°C for 5 days.The
method consists of filling with sample, to overflowing, an airtight bottle of
the specified size and incubating it at the specified temperature for 5 days.
Dissolved oxygen is measured initially and after incubation, and the BOD is
computed from the difference between initial and final DO. Because the
initial DO is determined shortly after the dilution is made, all oxygen
uptake occurring after this measurement is included in the BOD
measurement.
Chemical oxygen demand (COD)
Chemical oxygen demand (COD) is the amount of
oxygen necessary to oxidize the organic carbon
completely to CO2, H2O, and ammonia.
The COD is measured calorimetrically (determining
the concentration of a chemical element or chemical
compound in a solution with the aid of a color
reagent ) after refluxing a sample of wastewater in a
mixture of chromic and sulfuric acid.
Total Soluble Solids(TSS)
DISSOLVED OXYGEN(DO)
Sludge volume
conductivity
ph
do
Mixed liquid suspended solids
ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY FOR DAIRY
EFFLUENT TREATMENT
• ACTIVATED BIOFILTRATION
• BIOLOGICAL FLUIDIZED BED
REACTOR
• DRIED BACTERIAL CULTURE
PROCESS
• ELECTROCOAGULATION
ACTIVATED BIOFILTRATION
