Scribd
Upload
58 views15 pages

1244 200 Set1SimulationModelling

This document discusses modeling and simulation and discrete event simulation. It describes simulation as imitating the operations of a process using a computer model. Models allow studying complex systems numerically. Discrete event simulation models systems that change state at separated points in time due to events. Examples of events for a queue include customer arrivals and departures. The document also lists examples of network simulation software like NS-2, GloMoSIM, and OPNET. Simulation software allows testing network protocols and configurations without hardware costs and allows predicting problems.

Uploaded by

ahmedabesha
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
58 views15 pages

1244 200 Set1SimulationModelling

This document discusses modeling and simulation and discrete event simulation. It describes simulation as imitating the operations of a process using a computer model. Models allow studying complex systems numerically. Discrete event simulation models systems that change state at separated points in time due to events. Examples of events for a queue include customer arrivals and departures. The document also lists examples of network simulation software like NS-2, GloMoSIM, and OPNET. Simulation software allows testing network protocols and configurations without hardware costs and allows predicting problems.

Uploaded by

ahmedabesha
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 15

Special Topics in Computer

Science Course
Dr. Ali Maqousi
Faculty of Information Technology
Petra University
Oct., 2010

Oct, 2010 Ver 1.0 1


Modeling & Simulation
• Simulation: Imitate the operations of a facility or process,
usually via computer
– What’s being simulated is the system
– To study system, often make assumptions/approximations, both
logical and mathematical, about how it works
– These assumptions form a model of the system
– If model structure is simple enough, could use mathematical
methods to get exact information on questions of interest —
analytical solution.

Oct, 2010 Ver 1.0 2


Modeling & Simulation
• But most complex systems require models
that are also complex (to be valid)
– Must be studied via simulation —evaluate
model numerically and collect data to
estimate model characteristics.

Oct, 2010 Ver 1.0 3


Modeling & Simulation
• Some (not all) application areas

– Designing and analyzing manufacturing systems


– Evaluating military weapons systems or their logistics requirements
– Determining hardware requirements or protocols for communications
networks
– Determining hardware and software requirements for a computer
system
– Designing and operating transportation systems such as airports,
freeways, ports, and subways
– Evaluating designs for service organizations such as call centers,
fast-food restaurants, hospitals, and post offices
– Reengineering of business processes
– Determining ordering policies for an inventory system
– Analyzing financial or economic systems.

Oct, 2010 Ver 1.0 4


Systems, Models & Simulation
• System: A collection of entities (people, parts, messages,
machines, servers, …) that act and interact together toward some
end (Schmidt and Taylor, 1970)
– In practice, depends on objectives of study
– Might limit the boundaries (physical and logical) of the system
– Judgment call: level of detail (e.g., what is an entity?)
– Usually assume a time element – dynamic system

• State of a system: Collection of variables and their values necessary


to describe the system at that time
– Might depend on desired objectives, output performance
measures
– Bank model: Could include number of busy tellers, time of arrival
of each customer, etc..

Oct, 2010 Ver 1.0 5


Systems, Models & Simulation
• Types of systems
– Discrete
State variables change instantaneously at separated
points in time
Bank model: State changes occur only when a customer
arrives or departs
– Continuous
State variables change continuously as a function of
time
Airplane flight: State variables like position, velocity
change continuously
• Many systems are partly discrete, partly continuous

Oct, 2010 Ver 1.0 6


Systems, Models & Simulation
• Classification of simulation models
– Static vs. dynamic
– Deterministic vs. stochastic
– Continuous vs. discrete
• Most operational models are dynamic,
stochastic, and discrete – will be called
discrete-event simulation models

Oct, 2010 Ver 1.0 7


Discrete-Event Simulation

• Discrete-event simulation: Modeling of a system as it evolves over


time by a representation where the state variables change
instantaneously at separated points in time.
– More precisely, state can change at only a countable number of
points in time.
– These points in time are when events occur.

• Event: Instantaneous occurrence that may change the state


of the system.
– Sometimes get creative about what an “event” is … e.g., end of
simulation, make a decision about a system’s operation.

Oct, 2010 Ver 1.0 8


Discrete-Event Simulation
• Example: Single-server queue

– Estimate expected average delay in queue (line, not service)


– State variables
* Status of server (idle, busy) – needed to decide what to do
with an arrival
* Current length of the queue – to know where to store an arrival that must
wait in line
* Time of arrival of each customer now in queue – needed to compute time in
queue when service starts.

– Events
Arrival of a new customer
Service completion (and departure) of a customer
Maybe – end-simulation event (a “fake” event) – whether
this is an event depends on how simulation terminates (a modeling decision)

Oct, 2010 Ver 1.0 9


Network Simulation Software
• In communication and computer network
research, network simulation is a
technique where a program models the
behavior of a network by calculating the
interaction between the different network
entities (hosts/routers, data links, packets,
etc) using mathematical formulas.

Oct, 2010 Ver 1.0 10


Examples of Network Simulation Software

• CNET network simulator enables


experimentation with various data link layer,
network layer, routing and transport layer
protocols, and with various network
configurations [McDonald, C. “A Network Specification Language
and Execution Environment for Undergraduate Teaching” Proceedings of
the ACM Computer Science Educational Technical Symposiums, March
1991.]

• CNET simulator runs under a variety of UNIX


and LINUX Platforms.
Oct, 2010 Ver 1.0 11
Examples of Network Simulation Software

• NS-2 is a discrete event simulator targeted


at networking research. NS-2 provides
substantial support for simulation of TCP,
routing, and multicast protocols over wired
and wireless (local and satellite) networks.

• NS-2 simulator runs under a variety of


Platforms UNIX, LINUX, and Microsoft.

Oct, 2010 Ver 1.0 12


Examples of Network Simulation Software

• Global Mobile Information System


simulator (GloMoSIM) is a network
protocol simulation software that simulates
wireless network systems.
• GloMoSIM uses the Parsec compiler
(Parsec is a C-based simulation language)
to compile the simulation protocols.

Oct, 2010 Ver 1.0 13


Examples of Network Simulation Software

• OPNET allows to design and study communication networks,


devices, protocols, and application.

The application areas include:

1. Network planning (both LAN and/or WAN) and analysis of


performance and problems prior to actual implementation
2. Wireless and Satellite communication schemes and protocols
3. Microwave and Fiber-optic based Network Management
4. Protocol Development and management
5. Routing algorithm evaluation for routers, switches, and other
connecting devices.

Oct, 2010 Ver 1.0 14


Why Simulation Software
• The advantages of using simulation software:

1 - Less time to develop working


hardware/software.
2 - Ability to try out different scenarios of
hardware and software attempts without the
down side of the cost and time.
3 - Predict potential problems of hardware
software before the actual use.
Oct, 2010 Ver 1.0 15

You might also like