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BF Skinner Operant Conditioning (D)

Skinner's theory of operant conditioning explains how behavior is learned through reinforcement or punishment. It can be used to shape behavior through successive approximations and reinforcements. However, it has been criticized for oversimplifying human behavior and neglecting cognitive processes. Operant conditioning focuses on observable behaviors and their consequences rather than internal mental states.

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Elaiza Herrera
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85 views11 pages

BF Skinner Operant Conditioning (D)

Skinner's theory of operant conditioning explains how behavior is learned through reinforcement or punishment. It can be used to shape behavior through successive approximations and reinforcements. However, it has been criticized for oversimplifying human behavior and neglecting cognitive processes. Operant conditioning focuses on observable behaviors and their consequences rather than internal mental states.

Uploaded by

Elaiza Herrera
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EVALUATION OF OPERANT

CONDITIONING
Submitted by: Mary Angel G. Jinayon
BSP 2-3
 Skinner’s theory of operant conditioning plays a key
role in helping psychologists to understand how
behavior is learn.
 It explains why the reinforcements can be used so
effectively in the learning process, how schedules of
reinforcement can affect the outcome of
conditioning.

EVALUATION  Skinner’s research also addressed the use of


behavioral shaping, where by successive
approximations of an expected response are also
reinforced, leading a subject gradually towards a
desire type of behavior
 An advantage of operant conditioning is its ability to
explain learning in real life situations.
From the early age, parents nurture their children’s
behavior using reward. Praise following an
EVALUATION achievement (High Marks) reinforced such behavior
and when the child misbehaves, punishment in the
form of verbal discouragements of removal of
privileges are used to dissuade them from repeating
their action
 Skinner’s theory has been criticized for its
oversimplification of the complex nature of human
behavior.
 Operant Conditioning is based on the idea that
EVALUATION behavior is learnt simply through the process of
reinforcement. However, it neglects individuals
differences and the cognitive processes.
OPERANT CONDITIONING
o 2 TYPES OF BEHAVIOR
• Respondent behaviors- occur automatically and
reflexively
• Operant behaviors- under our conscious control

Contribution of REINFORCEMENT
o CATEGORY OF REINFORCEMENT
Operant • Primary Reinforcement- naturally occurring and do
Conditioning not require an individual to learn
• Secondary Reinforcement- stimulus reinforces
behavior after being previously associated with a
primary reinforce
o TYPES OF REINFORCEMENT
• Positive Reinforcement- Refers to the introduction of
Contribution of a desirable or pleasant stimulus after a behavior.

Operant • Negative Reinforcement- Refers to response or

Conditioning behavior is strengthened by stopping, removing, or


avoiding a negative outcome or aversive stimuli
o Continuous Reinforcement- Refers to a type of
schedule of reinforcement that regularly affects
behavior.
o Partial Reinforcement- Also referred to as
intermittent reinforcement
o TYPES OF PARTIAL REINFORCEMENT
• Fixed-ratio schedules-Reinforcing a behavior after a
specific number of responses have occurred.

Contribution of • Fixed-interval schedules-Reinforcing a behavior


after a specific period of time has elapsed.
Operant • Variable-ratio schedules-Reinforcing the behavior
Conditioning after an unpredictable number of responses.
• Variable-interval schedules-Reinforcing the behavior
after an unpredictable period of time has elapsed.
o 3 DIFFERENT FORCES
• Natural selections- The differential survival and
reproduction of individuals due to differences in
phenotype
Contribution of • Cultural practices- The manifestation of a culture or
Operant sub-culture (Traditional and customary practices)

Conditioning • Individual’s history of reinforcement- The term


reinforcement is currently used more in relation to
response learning that to stimulus learning (As a
way to explain our behavior and why we do what we
do)
o Inner States
• Self Awareness- Skinner believed that human are
aware of their consciousness
• Drives- The effect of deprivation and satiation and
Contribution of to the corresponding probability that the organism
Operant will respond

Conditioning • Emotions- are not attributed to behaviors.


• Purpose and Intention- exist within the skin, but
they are not subject to direct outside scrutiny.
o Complex Behavior
• Higher Mental Processes- The ability to take
knowledge and learning and use it to create new
things
• Creativity- The production of an artistic work

Contribution of • Unconscious Behavior- People rarely observe the


relationship between genetic and environmental
Operant variables and their own behavior

Conditioning • Dreams – A series of thoughts, images and sensations


occurring in a persons mind during sleep
• Social Behavior- The behavior among two or more
organisms within the same species and encompasses
any behavior in which one member affects the other
o Control of Human Behavior
• Social Control- Freedom is an imaginary concept
 Operant Conditioning
 Describing contingencies
Contribution of  Deprivation and satiation
Operant  Physical restraints
Conditioning o Inappropriate Behaviors- The means conduct that is
unwarranted and is reasonably interpreted to be
demeaning or offensive

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