Workshop on Internet Technologies

NAPOLEON S.
Team Lead – Tech Support / QA
FatPipe Networks India Ltd
Country skill Rankings (NASSCOM)
IT Database RDBMS SQL (ANSI) MS SQL Server DB2 Oracle PL/SQL
Development Concepts Fundamentals 2000 Programming
and Programming
Administration

India 48% India 60% India 33%  India 71% India 50%

USA 22% USA 14% USA 32% USA 18% USA 20%
Romania 4% Russian Romania 7% Philippines 1% Russian
Russian Federation 5% Russian Romania 1% Federation 5%
Federation 3% Ukraine 5% Federation 5% United Kingdom Romania 3%
Ukraine 3% Romania 3% Ukraine 4% (Great Britain) United Kingdom
1% (Great Britain) 3%
 
Country skill Rankings (NASSCOM)
IT C# Software Testing C++ Java 2 .Net Framework
programming Fundamentals
and
Development USA 29% India 71% India 22% India 58% India 47%

India 22% USA 11% USA 20% USA 14% USA 19%
Russian Ukraine 4% Russian Russian Russian
Federation Belarus 2% Federation 17% Federation 5% Federation 6%
9% Pakistan 1% Ukraine 10% Ukraine 4% Ukraine 6%
Ukraine 8% United Kingdom Romania 3% Romania 5%
United (Great Britain) 6%
Kingdom
(Great  
Britain) 6%
Country skill Rankings (NASSCOM)
IT systems and Linux MS Windows Networking Unix Information
Network Administration Server 2003 Concepts Administration Technology
Administration (General) Administration (Solaris 9) Security
  Fundamentals

USA 22% USA 37% USA 34%  India 37% USA 33%

India 16% India 19% India 17% USA 27% India 12%
Russian Russian Ukraine 6% Russian Ukraine 6%
Federation 9% Federation 6% Russian Federation 5% Poland 5%
Ukraine 7% Ukraine 4% Federation 5% Canada 3% Russian
Romania 6% Romania 3% United Kingdom United Kingdom Federation 4%
(Great Britain) (Great Britain)
4% 3%
Computer Networking -What?

 A group of computers and devices

interconnected by communications channels
that facilitate communications among users
and allows users to share resources.

 Wired Networks
 Wireless Networks
Computer Communication -How?

Protocol Connection
method

Channel
Address
Communication Types

 Unicast

 Multicast

 Broadcast
Wired Networks (Ethernet –Basics)

Sender Intended Recipient

Sender Intended Recipient

Sender Intended Recipient

Sender Intended Recipient

Ethernet
 CSMA/CD –Carrier Sense Multiple Access
Collision Detection

Ethernet Medium

RJ 45
UTP UTP
Straight Cross

Ethernet
Card Switch
Enterprise Redundant Network
Distribution
Access layer layer

Core Layer

WAN
Data Centre –Structured cabling
Wireless Networks (Wi – Fi)
 CSMA/CA – Carrier Sense Multiple Access
Collision Avoidance
Wireless
Wireless Client
Router Adapter
Wireless Medium

Wireless
Antenna
Wireless
Switch
Typical wireless Campus Network
Campus Network ISP

Access Antenna POP

Point

QC

Main Unit
Mech
Firewall
IP: 203.200.194.2/27
Repeater ISP Router

Elec Internet
Switch Router
Accounts
IP: 203.200.194.1/27
Pub IP: 203.200.194.20/27
Pri IP:192.168.100.1

Main Building
`
IP:
` 192.168.100.10/24
` Ether
Gw: 192.168.100.1 ` Networks
`
 Wired Vs Wireless

Installation Moderate difficulty easier, but beware

interference
Cost Less High
Reliability High Un-reliable
Performance Very High Limited
Mobility Limited Outstanding
Security Secured Signals can be
easily intercepted
IP Addressing
 IPv4: -192.168.0.1/24
(xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx)
 IPv4 uses 32-bit (4-byte) addresses, which limits
the address space to 429,49,67,296 (2^32)
possible unique addresses.
 Private IP Addresses, Public IP Addresses.
 IPv4 Address Shortage News:
http://www.networkworld.com/news/2010/061710-ipv4-addresses.html

[ The remaining pool of unallocated IPv4 addresses could be depleted early as

December due to unprecedented levels of broadband and wireless adoption in
the Asia Pacific region, experts say. ]
IPv4 Address
Class First Octet First Octet Usage Private IP Address
Bits Range Range

A 0xxxxxxx 1 - 127 Global 10.0.0.0-

10.255.255.255 (/8)
B 10xxxxxx 128 - 191 Global 172.16.0.0-
172.31.255.255 (/16)
C 110xxxxx 192 – 223 Global 192.168.0.0-
192.168.255.255 (/24)
D 1110xxxx 224 – 239 Multicast

E 1111xxxx 240 – 255 Research

IPv6 Addressing:

 IPv6: -3ffe:0501:0000:0000:0260:0000:fe40:efab/64.
 3ffe:0501::0260:0000:fe40:efab/64
 3ffe:0501::0260:0:fe40:efab/64
 3ffe:501:260:0:fe40:efab/64
 The address size is increased from 32 to 128
bits.
 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,76
8,211,456 Address space.
ARP – Address Resolution Protocol

 ARP is a protocol used by the Internet protocol,

to map IP address to the hardware addresses
used by a data link protocol.

 ARP Table:
Internet Address Physical Address Type
10.2.0.1 00-1b-21-5b-e5-be dynamic
LAB:1 (IP Addressing / ARP)

 Configure a PC with IP Address.

 Verify the Communication between PCs using
PING Command.
 Verify the ARP table
DHCP: Dynamic Host Configuration
Protocol

 The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

(DHCP) is an Internet protocol for automating
the configuration of computers that use
TCP/IP. DHCP can be used to automatically
assign IP addresses.
DHCP Message Type
Message Description
Discover A client broadcasts to recognize servers.
Offer Server responds with proposal of parameters.
Request The client broadcasts to the preferable server.
An implicit deny to others.
Ack The server assigns an IP Address.
Nak The server rejects the request from the client.
Decline The client found a problem with assigned IP
Address.
Release The client returns the assigned address before
its lease expires.
LAB:2 (DHCP)

 Configure a DHCP server on the firewall.

 Connect clients to obtain IP Address from
DHCP Server.
 Use ipconfig /release, ipconfig /renew
command to see if the clients are able to
release their lease and renew.
IP Routing:

 IP Routing is used to determine the path that

data follows in order to travel across multiple
networks from its source to its destination.
 Routes packets from one Network to another
Network.
 Static or Dynamic.
Routing -Multiple Hops

Web Servers

Internet
Cloud

ISP2

ISP3
`

Web Clients
LAB 3: IP Routing
 Trace route to www.google.com to see multiple
hops.
 Configure a linux system as a router, and verify
how routing works.
 Enable and Disable the routing and verify the
Routing Operations.
 Do tcpdump and see how packet is routed.
 Verify the routing tables.
NAT: Network Address Translation

 Mapping one set of IP Addresses for internal

traffic to a second set of addresses for external
traffic.

 Shortage of Public IP Addresses.

 Private IP Addresses are not routable over
internet.
NAT - PAT

 Source NAT: Translation of the source IP

address and/or source port is called source NAT
or SNAT

 Destination NAT: Translation of the destination

IP address and/or destination port number is called
destination NAT or DNAT
LAB 4: (NAT - PAT)

 Configure a Firewall with Private IP address on

LAN and Public IP Address on WAN and check
how the traffic from LAN network is NAT ‘ed by
Default on WAN.

 Policy based NAT: Configure an Inbound or

Outbound policy and see how SNAT and
DNAT works.
OSI Layers: Open System
Interconnection
OSI Layers
LAB 5: (OSI Layers Explained)

 Connect to www.news.google.com
 Explain how OSI model integration occurs
while browsing a web site.
 Use Netstat, ipconfig, sessiontab to
demonstrate the OSI integration.
DNS: Domain Name Service

 An Internet service that translates Domain

names into IP addresses. Because domain
names are alphabetic, they're easier to
remember while IP addresses are numeric.
LAB 6: DNS Cache on Local system

 ipconfig /displaydns, ipconfig /flushdns.

 Hosts file lookup
 Lookup to a DNS Server, nslookup for
www.google.com and www.rediff.com
 Explain the purpose of multiple IP Address for
a single domain.
LAB 7: DNS Record Creation

 Configure DNS Records for a Domain.

 do nslookup and explain how DNS lookup and
load Balancing works.
LAB 8: Web Server Configuration

 Configure an web server using IIS and build a

sample web site and download some sample
files. (http://www.weightlossforall.com/). Do
tcpdump and see how HTTP transfer works.
LAB 9: FTP server Configuration

 Configure an FTP server using IIS and build a

sample FTP site. ftp.weightlossforall.com

 Explain Active FTP, Passive FTP file transfer.

VPN: Virtual Private Network
VPN:
VPN: A typical Network Setup
VPN : A typical VPN Setup
VPN: What is VPN?
 A virtual private network (VPN) is a network
that uses a public telecommunication
infrastructure, such as the Internet, to provide
remote offices or individual users with secure
access to their organization's network.

 Adds security to the communication by

encrypting the actual data traffic at the sending
side and decrypting at the receiving end.
VPN: How VPN(IPSec) Works?
LAB 10: VPN(IPSec) Configuration

 Configure a VPN tunnel and explain how

phase1 and phase2 is established.

 Use tcpdump to verify the encapsulated secure

payload(ESP) added to the traffic.
Summary: Workshop on Network
Technologies

 Network Types.
 IP Addressing, ARP.
 IP Routing, NAT - PAT.
 DHCP, DNS.
 OSI Layers.
 Web Server, FTP Server.
 VPN Encryption.
Workshop on Internet Technologies

Questions
??
Thank You!

[email protected]