Fundamentals of Microbiology: Delivered by
Fundamentals of Microbiology: Delivered by
Fundamentals of Microbiology: Delivered by
Unit 1. Overview
Microorganisms and their respective place in the living world.
Differentiation between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Historical
development of Microbiology and its scope.
Unit 2. Classification of microorganisms
General Concepts: Classification, Nomenclature, Species, Diagnostic
Identification, Subtyping, New and Unusual species.
Unit 3. Life cycle
Morphology and life cycle of bacteria and viruses, Transformation,
transduction, conjugation
Unit 4. Microbial growth requirements
Growth, nutrition (physical and nutritional requirement and
nutritional types; sources of energy, C, N, H, O, S, P, H 2O, trace
elements, growth factors)
Media required and its composition, sterilization of media, growth
factors, optimum conditions, growth curve
Unit 5. Control of microorganisms by physical and chemical methods
Heat, radiation, sterilization, disinfection, moist heat and dry heat,
Low Temperatures, Filtration, Phenolics, Alcohols, Halogens, Heavy
metals, Quaternary Ammonium Compounds, Aldehydes, Sterilizing
Gases, Evaluating Effectiveness of chemical Agents.
Laboratory Manual:
Branch of biology involving the study of microorganisms.
A. Immunology
This branch studies the complex web of protective substances and
reactions caused by invading microbes and other harmful entities. It
includes such diverse areas as blood testing, vaccination and allergy.
This branch is defined by any process that harnesses the actions of living
things to arrive at a desired product, ranging from beer to stem cells. It
includes industrial microbiology, which uses microbes to produce and
harvest large quantities of such substances as vaccines, vitamins, drugs and
enzymes.
A biotechnology technician
prepares a bioreactor for vaccine production.
D. Genetic Engineering and Recombinant DNA Technology
A geneticist at the US
Department of Agriculture examines a wheat
plant that has been genetically engineered to
resist a fungal pathogen.
The Origins of Microorganisms
The fossil record dating from ancient rocks and sediments points to
bacteria-like cells that existed at least 3.5 billion years ago. They were the
only form of life for half of the earth’s history.