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Control Structure - If Else and Switch in C++ Programming

The document discusses different control structures in C++ including sequence, selection, and repetition structures. It describes the if, if/else, and switch selection structures in detail. The if/else structures allow for executing different code based on if a condition is true or false. Switch allows checking several possible constant values for an expression. Examples of if, if/else, and switch are provided.

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Awais Arshad
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© © All Rights Reserved
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145 views

Control Structure - If Else and Switch in C++ Programming

The document discusses different control structures in C++ including sequence, selection, and repetition structures. It describes the if, if/else, and switch selection structures in detail. The if/else structures allow for executing different code based on if a condition is true or false. Switch allows checking several possible constant values for an expression. Examples of if, if/else, and switch are provided.

Uploaded by

Awais Arshad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMPUTER PROGRAMMING

LECTURE # 4: CONTROL
STRUCTURE - A

BSE 1
Joddat Fatima
1
joddat.fatima@gmail.com

Department of C&SE
Bahria University Islamabad
CONTROL STRUCTURE

 A program is usually not limited to a linear sequence of instructions.

 During its process it may bifurcate, repeat code or take decisions.

 For that purpose, C++ provides control structures that serve to specify
what has to be done by our program, when and under which
circumstances.

 Compound Statement or Block.


A block is a group of statements which are separated by semicolons (;) like all C++
statements, but grouped together in a block enclosed in braces: { }:
{ statement1; statement2; statement3; }
2
THREE CONTROL STRUCTURES

 Sequence structure
 Programs executed sequentially by default

 Selection structures
 if, if/else, switch

 Repetition structures
 while, do/while, for

3
SELECTION STRUCTURE IF-ELSE

4
IF STRUCTURE

 The if keyword is used to execute a statement or block only if a


condition is fulfilled. Its form is: if (condition) statement

 Where condition is the expression that is being evaluated.

 If this condition is true, statement is executed.

 If it is false, statement is ignored (not executed) and the program


continues right after this conditional structure.

5
CONDITIONAL -- IF

 For example, the following code fragment prints x is 100 only if


the value stored in the x variable is indeed 100:
if (x == 100)
cout << "x is 100";

 If we want more than a single statement to be executed in case


that the condition is true we can specify a block using braces { }:
if (x == 100)
{
cout << "x is ";
cout << x;
} 6
EXAMPLE IF SELECTION

7
IF AND ELSE STRUCTURE

 We can additionally specify what we want to happen if the condition is not


fulfilled by using the keyword else.

 if
 Performs action if condition true
 if/else
 Different actions if conditions true or false

if (x == 100)
cout << "x is 100";
else
cout << "x is not 100";

 Prints on the screen x is 100 if indeed x has a value of 100, but if it has not 8
-and only if not- it prints out x is not 100.
EXAMPLE IF AND ELSE

9
NESTED IF ELSE

 The if + else structures can be concatenated with the intention of verifying a range of
values.
 One inside another, test for multiple cases
 Once condition met, other statements skipped

 The following example shows its use telling if the value currently stored in x is
positive, negative or none of them (i.e. zero):

if (x > 0)
cout << "x is positive";
else if (x < 0)
cout << "x is negative";
else
cout << "x is 0";

 Remember that in case that we want more than a single statement to be executed, we 10
must group them in a block by enclosing them in braces { }.
FLOW DIAGRAM IF-ELSE

11
EXAMPLE NESTED IF AND ELSE

12
SELECTION STRUCTURE SWITCH

13
SWITCH STRUCTURE

 The syntax of the switch statement is a bit peculiar.

 Its objective is to check several possible constant values for an expression.

 Something similar to what we did at the beginning of this section with the
concatenation of several if and else if instructions.

14
SWITCH FLOW DIAGRAM

15
THE CONTROLLING STATEMENT

 A switch statement's controlling statement must return one


of these types
 A bool value
 An enum constant
 An integer type
 A character

 The value returned is compared to the constant values after


each "case"
 When a match is found, the code for that case is used

16
THE BREAK STATEMENT

 The break statement ends the switch-statement


 Omitting the break statement will cause the code for the next
case to be executed!
 Omitting a break statement allows the use of multiple case labels
for a section of code

17
THE DEFAULT STATEMENT

 If no case label has a constant that matches the controlling


expression, the statements following the default label are
executed

 If there is no default label, nothing happens when the switch


statement is executed
 It is a good idea to include a default section

18
EXAMPLE SWITCH

19
EXAMPLE SHOW BOTH SELECTIVE STRUCTURES

20
EXAMPLES

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EXAMPLE # 1

#include <iostream>

int main()
{
int number;
cout << "Enter Number\n";
cin >> number;

if(num%2==0)
cout <<“NUMBER IS EVEN”<<endl;
else
cout <<“NUMBER IS ODD”<<endl;

return 0;
}

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EXAMPLE # 2

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EXAMPLE # 3

int main()
{
double number1, number2, number3;
cout << "Enter three floating-point numbers: ";
cin >> number1 >> number2 >> number3;
double max = number1;

if (number2 > max ),


max = number2;
if (number3> max )
max = number3;

cout << "Maximum is: " << max<< endl;


return 0; 24
}
EXAMPLE # 4

25
EXAMPLE # 5

26
EXAMPLE # 6

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