P-COM Tel-Link

Low and High Capacity

Millimetre Wave Radio System

Training Course
For PTCL/CTI

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 Course Outline
• Day I:
– P-Com Products
– Tel-Link Radio Product Overview
– RF Overview
• Path Engineering
– Installation Fundamentals
• Configuration & Alignment
• Protected Configurations
• Day II
– Re-cap of Day I
– Diagnostics & Troubleshooting
– Network Management Systems
– Hands-on

“Network Solutions for Global Wireless Communications”

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 P-Com Products
• Tel Link Narrow band radio system
– 2Mb and up
– Point to Point [16E1, 7GHz, 1+1]
– Point to Multipoint

Web Page : www.p-com.com

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 ….P-Com Products
• Spread Spectrum radios

– Point to point (19.2kb up to 2Mb)

– Point to Multipoint
• DataMetro-II (Radio+Router)
• Transparent

Web Page : www.p-com.com

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 Tel-Link Radio Product Overview

What is it?

• The Tel-Link radio is a point-to-point digital radio system

capable of transporting full duplex E1 or multiple E1 data
signals in various frequency bands.

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 Basic System Components

• Indoor Unit

• Coaxial Cable

• Outdoor Unit

• Antenna

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 Configurations
Frequency Bands Digital Data Rates

• 7 GHz Low Capacity

• 13, 14, 15 GHz
• 18 GHz Four E1 ports
• 23 GHz 1 x E1 to 4 x E1
• 24/26 GHz
• 38 GHz High Capacity
• 50 GHz
Sixteen E1 ports
1 x E1 to 16 x E1

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 Configurations

Non-Protected (1+0) Protected (1+1)

• Hot-Standby

• Non-redundant configuration. • Redundant configuration such

Typically used with low data that if one radio fails, its mate
rates where down-time is automatically switches on to
acceptable. maintain traffic flow. Typically
used on high capacity data rates
where down-time is not
acceptable.

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 Features and Options

Features Options
• Software controlled radio. No • EOW (Engineering Orderwire)
access to inner workings of • Digital Data Channel
radio required
• Network Management Channel,
• Selectable frequencies P-Com or Standard
• Patented RF interface • Dial out option
• Solid state design • High Power Transmitter
• Common architecture • Protected Configurations
(Frequency Independent IDU)
• Remote ODU/Antenna Mount
• Minimal tools required for
installation
• Low maintenance

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Tel-Link Radio System Description

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 System Description

Indoor Unit:

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 Indoor Unit - General Parameters

• Low Capacity Version:

1RU or 2RU in height
Digital capacity from 1E1 to 4E1, software switchable
Modulation of 2-FSK or 4-FSK
Line impedance of 75 (BNC connector) or 120 (DB25 connector)

• High Capacity Version:

2RU in height
Digital capacity from 8E1 to 16E1, software selectable
Modulation of 4-FSK
Line impedance of 120 (DB25). 75 (BNC) requires conversion panel

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 Indoor Unit (Continue)

• Keypad/LCD Display:
Configuration and Monitoring of radio parameters

• DC Power Input:
-48 VDC Standard, 24 VDC Option, Range 20%

• Service Channel Interface:

EOW Engineering Orderwire, Point-to-Point or Bridged
Digital Data Channel, RS-232/422/423, 0-9600 b/s
Network Management Channel
Computer port (Link Manager)

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 Indoor Unit

• IDU to ODU Interconnect:

“N” Type Female for use with RG-8 (50 ) coax.
Belden 9913 recommended for up to 300 meters.

• High Capacity Non-Protected System:

Chassis used for interconnecting IDU to conversion panel
when 75 systems are required.

• Ground:
Chassis ground is provided at the front of the IDU. It is mandatory to
ground the equipment.

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 IDU Block Diagram & Signal Flow

I/O MODULE
Modem Module
Signal Processing
#1 L/I Module (SPM) Tx BAUD & 408 MHz
NYQUIST MODULATOR
#2 L/I
FEC
SCRAMBLER/ ENCODER
MUX/
DESCRAMBLER DECODER CBL
DEMUX
#3 L/I MUX
TO
ODU
Rx NYQUIST PLL DEMOD
#4 L/I PEER CHANNEL & CLK RECOV & AFC

D/C #1
EOW MICRO- ASK Telemetry, 10 MHz Up, 18 MHz Down
NMS PROCESSOR MOD/
DEMOD
& NOVRAM
ALM
-48 VDC to ODU
20 to 60 VDC POWER
DC
SUPPLY
IN Voltages to all modules

COMP CONTROL
PANEL

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 IDU Major Component Functions

• Power Supply Converts office battery input voltage to voltages required by the radio.

• I/O Panel Mechanical interface between user equipment and IDU PC boards.

• Control Panel User interface to IDU microprocessor (keypad/LCD & PC connection)

• SPM Signal Processing Module

HDB3 to NRZ conversion & Line Interface
Digital Multiplexing/Demultiplexing
Scrambling
FEC Encoding/Decoding
Baseband Filtering/shaping
• Modem Deviation
Modulation/Demodulation
Cable Multiplexing/Demultiplexing

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 Outdoor Unit - General Parameters

Outdoor Unit:
• IF to RF Conversion
• Frequency Agile Synthesizer
• RF Amplification

Coaxial Cable:
• IDU to ODU Interconnect
• DC Power to ODU
• IF & Telemetry Signals
to/from IDU & ODU

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 Outdoor Unit
• Hermetically sealed, designed for wind assisted cooling, with two of
the four clips now being lockable to prevent unauthorized removal.

• Power Output and Frequency selected by IDU keypad or PC. No

access to ODU required.

• AGC Output is available for panning.

• Arrow Indent to mark the correct polarization location.

• Circular Waveguide Interface in center:

Mount ODU directly to the back of the antenna (0.6m and smaller)
No waveguide required

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 ODU Labelling
• All ODU’s are labelled to show band
number and the operating frequency range
of the Transmit and the Receive.
• The label on the ODU takes this form:
07 B 1 H M
(freq.) (Ch. plan) (Band) (Power) (B/W)

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 Channel Spacing
• 1 E1 = 3.5MHz Spacing

• 4 E1 = 7.0MHz Spacing

• 8 E1 = 14MHz Spacing

• 16E1 = 28MHz Spacing 

Refers to channel allocation tables in PCOM manual chapter 4

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 ODU Block Diagram & Signal Flow

IF FILTER
FILTER XN

TX CONVERTER
xN
Tx Power Control
OCM
Freq.

SYNTHESIZER
408 Control

DIPLEXER
MHz 10/18
MHz ASK
MOD
CBL DEMOD ANT
MUX POWER
TO IDU SUPPLY
-48 VDC
140 Rx CONVERTER
MHz PLO Voltages to
all modules XN

IF 2.2 - 2.7 GHz

FILTER FILTER
FILTER
IF PROCESSOR

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 ODU Major Component Functions

• IF Processor Cable Demultiplexing/Multiplexing

Tx Multiplication
Rx 1st to 2nd IF Conversion
Outdoor Control Module microprocessor

• Power Supply Converts -48 VDC to voltages required by ODU

• Microwave Converter
Local Oscillator Frequency generation. Controlled via software
Mixes LO with Tx IF to RF

• Tx Converter
Multiplies RF signal from MWC to final RF frequency, filters & amplifies

• Rx Converter
Mixes incoming RF signal w/LO to produce 1st IF

• Duplexer Combines Tx & Rx signals to single antenna port

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Complementary pairs of ODU’s
• 7GHz
– Band 1 (TX Low)
– Band 3 (TX High) } (PTCL)

• IDU’s are universal to any Frequency Band

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 Frequency offsets at 7 GHz
Capacity 16 x 2MB/s
(PTCL)

TX RX
1 3
RX TX

Frequency difference (split) = 161MHz

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 RF Overview

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Antenna Radiation Patterns

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 RF Propagation

1st Fresnel Zone

Signal that arrives at 1800 ( /2) out

of phase with the direct wave
determines the boundary of first
Fresnel zone
(60% clearance required)

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 Path Engineering

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 Path Calculation

Link Performance

FADE MARGIN
The fade margin is a measure, in decibels (dB), of
how much additional signal attenuation the system
can endure without dropping below the required
BER (bit error rate) level.

The fade margin is the result of the

c
path calculation
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 Path Calculation

Free Space Loss (FSL)

ODU1 AG2 RSS
AG1

FM = ODU1+AG1-FSL+AG2+RSS

FSL = 92.4 + 20 log (Dkm) + 20 log (FGHz)

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 Installation Fundamentals

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 Health and Safety
• Always Mute TX or Switch off DC before
removing ODU from its mounting
• Never look into the waveguide when the
ODU TX is turned on
• Do not work without proper gears
• Avoid working in the main or sidelobes of
the Antenna

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 Basic Installation

B
B
Only Basic tools are required

A
A

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 Panning
• ODU polarization should be same
for both sites. Diamond marking
on ODU for ease.

• AGC point (BNC) available at

ODU for panning.

• Line-of-Sight is required with

high preciseness.

• Lock can be used.

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 3-Step basic Configuration

• Select Frequency Channel (same for remote)

• Select Link ID (same for remote)
• Select Transmit Power
• Protection ON for 1+1 configuration only

Use Front Panel or Link Manager

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 End of Day I

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 Course Outline

• Day II
– Re-cap of Day I
– Diagnostics & Troubleshooting
– Network Management Systems
– Hands-on

“Network Solutions for Global Wireless Communications”

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 RE-CAP

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 Basic System Components

• Indoor Unit

• Coaxial Cable

• Outdoor Unit

• Antenna

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 Configurations
Frequency Bands Digital Data Rates

• 7 GHz Low Capacity

• 13, 14, 15 GHz
• 18 GHz Four E1 ports
• 23 GHz 1 x E1 to 4 x E1
• 24/26 GHz
• 38 GHz
• 50 GHz High Capacity

Sixteen E1 ports
1 x E1 to 16 x E1
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 ODU Labelling
• All ODU’s are labelled to show band
number and the operating frequency range
of the Transmit and the Receive.
• The label on the ODU takes this form:
07 B 1 H M
(freq.) (Ch. plan) (Band) (Power) (B/W)

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 Path Calculation

Free Space Loss (FSL)

ODU1 AG2 RSS
AG1

FM = ODU1+AG1-FSL+AG2+RSS

FSL = 92.4 + 20 log (Dkm) + 20 log (FGHz)

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 Basic Installation

B
B
Only Basic tools are required

A
A

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 3-Step basic Configuration

• Select Frequency Channel (same for remote)

• Select Link ID (same for remote)
• Select Transmit Power
• Protection ON for 1+1 configuration only

Use Front Panel or Link Manager

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 Protected Configurations

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 Protected Link utilising
-4 dBm 3dB Splitters -54dBm
-4 dBm -54 dBm
Path Loss -50dB

B
3 dB Equal Loss Splitters B

A
A

0dBm -58dBm

0dBm -58dBm

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 Protection System Description

Consists of:
Two Indoor Units
Two Outdoor Units
One Protection Switch Splitter (PSS)

Operation:
Both “A” and “B” radios are powered up and operational
Both “A” and “B” radios operate on the same frequency
Only one Tx on-line at any given time
Both “A” and “B” radios receive the same signal from the remote end
In the case of a failure of one radio, its mate is placed on-line

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 Diagnostic & Troubleshooting

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 Front Panel Alarms (LEDs)
• On-Line (Usually Green)
– Amber = Standby radio in 1+1 Configuration
• IDU (Usually Green)
– Flashing red is setting error, Solid red is IDU failure
• ODU (Usually Green)
– Flashing red is setting error, Solid red is ODU failure
– Off indicates ODU missing or major failure
• CBL (Usually Green)
– Red indicates either cable short or open
• RMT (Usually Green)
– Either flashing or solid Amber if a remote alarm is detected

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 Individual Alarms
Alarm name Description

IDU Summary IDU Alarm (Identical to Front panel LED)

ODU Summary ODU Alarm (Identical to Front panel LED)
Cable Summary Cable Alarm (Identical to Front panel LED)
Remote Summary Remote Alarm (Identical to Front panel LED)
BER High BER detected (BER >1E-6)
Loopback One of the available loopbacks is selected
Line Input No Data present on an Enabled Tributary or
" " Data present on a Disabled Tributary or
" " AIS present on a Tributary Input
Ext Input One of the eight external inputs is in an alarm state
Peer Channel No response being received from the remote site
Telemetry IDU not communicating with ODU or vice versa
Xmt Mute The Transmitter is muted
Config Mismatch between versions or available options
Cbl Open N Type cable detected as being open circuit
Cbl Short N Type cable detected as being short circuit
Rcv Mute Receive channel failed due to high BER (1E-3 for OPCS)
" " (Injects AIS onto the tributary outputs)
Clk Recov Unable to recover data from noisy or non-existant RF signal
Protect A protection alarm is either current or has occured (MHSB)

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Common Alarm Combinations
Condition Alarm Indications Corrective Action
IDU ODU CBL RMT

1. Normal operation No action required

2. Local IDU failure Replace IDU. Return faulty unit to Hendon

3. BER greater than 1E-6 Flashing Check RSL level and or AGC correct
4. Local IDU Loopback Flashing Ensure IDU loopback is off, unless required

5. Local ODU failure Replace ODU. Return faulty unit to Hendon

6. Transmitter output muted Flashing Ensure Transmitter is not muted unless required
7. Telemetry failure Flashing Check cable is OK
8. Configuration mismatch Flashing Ensure radio is set as per LDF at both ends

9. Local ODU Loopback Flashing Flashing Ensure ODU loopback is off, unless required

10.Remote Alarm Problem is at other end of link

11.Cable Short or Open Circuit Flashing Off Flashing Check cable, and interconnections

13.Power loss to IDU Off Off Off Off Supply unit with correct DC voltage

14.RX will not lock to far end Flashing Flashing Ensure TX is on, and all settings are as per the LDF
Flashing Flashing Ensure all loopbacks are off unless required
Flashing Flashing Ensure RSL level is as expected

15.Trib will not pass data Flashing Ensure loopback are off, and trib is valid
16.Trib passes data Flashing Enable wanted tribs and disable unwanted tribs

17.Normal operation No action required

NB. A more comprehensive list of alarm Red

conditions can be found in the P-COM Key Yellow
Installation & Operations Manual Green

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 Types of Loopbacks
• IDU Loops the aggregate data before the IDU “N” connector. Traffic affecting on all
tributaries.

• ODU Used only with an external mixer and oscillator (ODU Loopback Device) to allow
testing of an entire terminal. It affects the traffic on all tributaries.

• Link Loops the far end tributary at the line driver and returns the E1 signal back to the
local end. Affects only the selected tributary. An external BERT set is needed to
perform error rate tests.

• Test Line Same as Link loopback, but adds an internal bit generator and error detector for
error measurements. LCD displays accumulated errors.

• Local Loops the local tributary at the local line driver. An external BERT set is needed to
perform error tests.

• Remote IDU Local IDU sends message to remote IDU, placing remote IDU in loopback for 10
seconds. Remote IDU then automatically restores itself to normal operation and
local IDU displays error rate of remote IDU.

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 IDU Loopback
From BER Test Set

CH1 I/P SCRAMBLER FEC FSK

CH2 I/P HDB3 TO NRZ BASEBAND (OPTIONAL) MODULATOR
CH3 I/P CONVERSION MULTIPLEX
CH4 I/P 408.33MHz

TX TELEMETRY N TYPE
PC I/O CONTROL uP MULTIPLEXER &
SERVICE DEMULTIPLEXER
RX TELEMETRY
140MHz
CH1 O/P
CH2 O/P NRZ TO HDB3 BASEBAND
CH3 O/P CONVERTION DEMULTIPLEX DE FEC FSK
CH4 O/P SCRAMBLER (OPTIONAL) DEMODULATOR

To BER Test Set

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 ODU Loopback

Mixer L
Local O

BPF

CH 1 IP OP ExternalTurn Round Oscillator

BER
Test Set

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 Link Loopback

Local Remote

CH 1 IP OP CH 1 IP OP

Can be done from local end on any trib

BER
Test Set

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 Test Line Loopback

Local Remote

CH 1 IP OP CH 1 IP OP

IDU inserts bits and

dispays errors received back
Can be done from
local end on any trib

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 Local Loopback

Local Remote

CH 1 IP OP CH 1 IP OP

BER
Test Set Can be done from local end on any trib

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 Loopbacks

ODU

ODU Loopback

Remote IDU
Loopback
IDU Loopback
IDU
IDU
Local Loopback
Test Line
& Link
Loopback

E1 #1 E1 #1 E1 #2 E1 #2 E1 #1 E1 #1 E1 #2 E1 #2
In Out In Out In Out In Out

Local Terminal Remote Terminal

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 Network Management Systems

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 NMS

• Link Manager
• Cluster Manager
• Enterprise Manager

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 Link Manager
• PC based package, running under Windows
3.1,3.11 or ‘95 which gives the
operator
– Quicker configuration of link settings
– Improved diagnostics
– Visual summary of link status

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 Cluster Manager
• PC based package, running under Windows
NT 4.0 with HP Openview for Windows.
– Manages Multiple networks
– Quicker configuration of link settings
– Improved diagnostics
– Graphical representation of links
– Built-in BERT with all G.821
performance statistics

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 Enterprise Manager
• HP Workstation C180 based package
running under HP Openview Network Node
Manager 5.0
– Manages multiple clusters and large multi-
regional networks
– Quicker configuration of link settings
– Improved diagnostics
– Graphical summary of links

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 BREAK

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 ‘HANDS ON’
• Introduction to the keypad
• Setting up a link on the High cap radio
• Changing the link configuration
• Basic fault finding
• Link Manager

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 help me
Contacting P-COM Pakistan

• Head Office (Karachi)

(21) 584 6240
0300-259934

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 Did we meet the Objectives?
Upon completion of this training course, the student will
have the knowledge to perform the following tasks related
to the P-Com Tel-Link radio system:

• Understand the principles of operation of the radio system

• Installation of the radio system
• Configuration and operation of the radio system
• Diagnose and repair faults with the radio system

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