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Topic 6 - Filters

The document discusses different types of electrical filters and their circuit designs. It describes low pass, high pass, band pass, and band stop filters. A low pass filter passes low frequencies and attenuates high frequencies above the cutoff frequency. A high pass filter passes high frequencies and attenuates low frequencies below the cutoff frequency. A band pass filter passes frequencies within a certain range and attenuates frequencies outside of that range. A band stop filter passes most frequencies but attenuates those within a specific range. It then provides circuit diagrams and explanations of how low pass, high pass, and band pass filters work using operational amplifiers.

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Patrick Teodoro
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332 views15 pages

Topic 6 - Filters

The document discusses different types of electrical filters and their circuit designs. It describes low pass, high pass, band pass, and band stop filters. A low pass filter passes low frequencies and attenuates high frequencies above the cutoff frequency. A high pass filter passes high frequencies and attenuates low frequencies below the cutoff frequency. A band pass filter passes frequencies within a certain range and attenuates frequencies outside of that range. A band stop filter passes most frequencies but attenuates those within a specific range. It then provides circuit diagrams and explanations of how low pass, high pass, and band pass filters work using operational amplifiers.

Uploaded by

Patrick Teodoro
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Topic 6:

Filters
Electrical Parts
Reaction to frequency
 Resistor
 Inductor
 Capacitor
Types of filters circuit:
 A Low Pass Filter is a filter that passes low frequency signals but
attenuates signals with frequencies higher than the cutoff frequency.

 A High Pass Filter is a filter that passes high frequencies well, but
attenuates signals with frequencies lower than the cutoff frequency.

 A Band Pass Filter is a filter that passes frequencies within a certain


range and attenuates frequencies outside that range.

 A Band Stop Filter is a filter that passes most frequencies unaltered,


but attenuates those in a specific range to very low levels.
Types of filters circuit:
A Low Pass Filter is a filter that passes low frequency
signals but attenuates signals with frequencies higher
than the cutoff frequency.
Types of filters circuit:
A High Pass Filter is a filter that passes high frequencies well,
but attenuates signals with frequencies lower than the
cutoff frequency.
Types of filters circuit:
A Band Pass Filter is a filter that passes frequencies within
a certain range and attenuates frequencies outside that
range.
Types of filters circuit:
A Band Stop Filter is a filter that passes most frequencies
unaltered, but attenuates those in a specific range to very
low levels.
Low Pass Filter

-3.01dB Slope=-20dB/decade

Where P(Xc)=P(R) , thus Po = ½ Pin

Gain(dB) = 10 log ½ = -3.01dB

ωCR  1
Vo 1 1
   0.707
Vi 12  12 2

← is the condition by which R = Xc , hence ωRC=1


High Pass

Slope=-20dB/decade -3.01dB

Where P(Xc)=P(R) , thus Po = ½ Pin

Gain(dB) = 10 log ½ = -3.01dB

← is the condition by which R = Xc , hence ωRC=1


Bandpass Filter
Band Stop Filter
Low Pass Filter
At high frequencies (>>o)
the capacitor acts as a short, so the gain of the
amplifier goes to zero.

At very low frequencies (<<o)


the capacitor is an open and the gain of the
circuit is Ho.

We can consider the frequency to be high when


the magnitude of the capacitor impedance is
First Order Low Pass Filter much less than that of R1. In other words, we
have high frequency when 1/C<<R1, or
with Op Amp
>>1/R1C=o.

Since R1 now has little effect on the circuit, it


should act as an integrator. Likewise low
frequency occurs when <<1/R1C, and the
circuit will act as an amplifier with gain -R 1/R2=
Ho.
High Pass
At very high frequencies
(ω>>ωo) the capacitor acts as a
short, so the gain of the
amplifier goes to H0= -R1/R2. 

At very low frequencies


(ω<< ωo) the capacitor is an
open and the gain of the circuit
First Order High Pass Filter is Ho.
with Op Amp
For this circuit, ω0=1/R2C. 
Therefore this circuit is a high-
pass filter (it passes high
frequency signals, and blocks
low frequency signals.
Bandpass Filter

This circuit will attenuate low frequencies


(ω<<1/R2C2)

And also attentuate high frequencies


Simple Band Pass Filter (ω>>1/R1C1),
with Op Amp
but will pass intermediate frequencies with a
gain of -R1/R2. 

However, this circuit cannot be used to make


a filter with a very narrow band.  To do that
requires a more complex filter .
 
END

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