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Chapter 6 Video

Digital video has replaced analog as the preferred method for creating and sharing video content. Video is captured using a camera's CCD, which converts light into electronic signals containing color and synchronization data. Codecs compress the video for storage and transmission, and decompress it for playback. Sources of video include new footage, stock footage, or training materials, but obtaining rights can be challenging. Nonlinear editing software allows flexible, computer-based video editing.

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Nurul Aqilah
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78 views26 pages

Chapter 6 Video

Digital video has replaced analog as the preferred method for creating and sharing video content. Video is captured using a camera's CCD, which converts light into electronic signals containing color and synchronization data. Codecs compress the video for storage and transmission, and decompress it for playback. Sources of video include new footage, stock footage, or training materials, but obtaining rights can be challenging. Nonlinear editing software allows flexible, computer-based video editing.

Uploaded by

Nurul Aqilah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 6: Video

Overview

• Using digital video


• How video works
• Digital video containers
• Obtaining video clips
• Shooting and editing video
Using Video

• Video is an excellent tool for delivering


multimedia.
• Video places the highest performance
demands on a computer and its memory and
storage.
• Digital video has replaced analog as the
method of choice for making and delivering
video for multimedia.
How Video Works

• Light reflected from an object through the


camera’s lens is converted into an electronic
signal by a charge-coupled device (CCD).
• This electronic signal contains three
channels of color information and
synchronization pulses (sync).
• Several video standards exist that deal with
the amount of separation between the
components of the signal.
How Video Works (continued)

• Analog video transfer methods


– Component video separates color and brightness
over three cables.
– S-video separates color and brightness over
two wires.
– Composite video transmits the whole video signal
in a single cable.
How Video Works (continued)

• Analog video
– Video is recorded onto magnetic tapes.
– Video frames are interlaced.
How Video Works (continued)

• Analog display standards


– National Television Standards Committee (NTSC).
• These standards define a method for encoding
information into an electronic signal that creates a
television picture.
• It has a screen resolution of 525 horizontal scan lines
and a scan rate of 30 frames per second.
How Video Works (continued)

• Analog display standards (continued)


– Phase Alternate Line (PAL)
• PAL has a screen resolution of 625 horizontal lines
and a scan rate of 25 frames per second.
– Sequential Color and Memory (SECAM).
• SECAM has a screen resolution of 625 horizontal
lines and is a 50 Hz system.
• SECAM differs from NTSC and PAL color systems in
its basic technology and broadcast method.
How Video Works (continued)

• Digital video
– The output is digitized by the camera into a
sequence of single frames.
– The video and audio data are compressed before
being written to a tape or digitally stored.
How Video Works (continued)

• Digital video (continued)


– Multiple HDTV formats exist.
• Resolutions and frame rates vary.
– The aspect ratio of HDTV is 16:9.
How Video Works (continued)

• CRT and LCD displays


– Interlacing and progressive scan technologies
• Most computer video output is greater than
1024 x 768.
– Overscan and safe title area
• Every analog TV displays differently.
• Editing systems use action safe and title
safe overlays.
Digital Video Containers

• Digital video architecture


– Consists of a format for encoding and playing back
video files by a computer.
– Includes a player that can recognize and play files
created for that format.
Digital Video Containers
(continued)
• Codecs
– The algorithm used to compress (code) a video for
delivery.
– Decodes the compressed video in real-time for fast
playback.
– Streaming audio and video starts playback as soon
as enough data has transferred to the user’s
computer to sustain this playback.
Digital Video Containers
(continued)

• Codecs (continued)
– MPEG is a real-time video compression algorithm.
– MPEG-4 includes numerous multimedia capabilities
and is a preferred standard.
– Browser support varies.
Digital Video Containers
(continued)

• Video format converters


– Produce more than one
version of your video
to ensure that video will
play on all the devices
and in all the browsers
necessary for your
project’s distribution.
Obtaining Video Clips

• New footage or stock footage?


• Training projects
Shooting and Editing Video

• Shooting platform
– A steady shooting platform should always be used.
– Use an external microphone.
– Know the features of your camera and software.
– Decide on the aspect ratio up front.
Shooting and Editing Video
(continued)
Shooting and Editing Video
(continued)
• Storyboarding
– Successful video production requires planning.

• Lighting
– Always strive for adequate lighting.
Shooting and Editing Video
(continued)
• Chroma keys
– Blue screen or chroma key editing is used to
superimpose subjects over different backgrounds.
Shooting and Editing Video
(continued)
• Composition
– Consider the delivery medium when composing
shots.
– Use close-up and medium shots when possible.
– Move the subject, not the lens.
– Beware of backlighting.
– Adjust the white balance.
Shooting and Editing Video
(continued)
• Titles and text (continued)
– Use plain, sans serif fonts that are easy to read.
– Choose colors wisely.
– Provide ample space.
– Leave titles on screen long enough so that they
can be read.
– Keep it simple.
Shooting and Editing Video
(continued)
• Titles and text (continued)
Shooting and Editing Video
(continued)
• Nonlinear editing
– High-end software has a steep learning curve.
• Adobe’s Premiere, Apple’s Final Cut,
Avid’s Media Composer
– Simple editing software is free with the
operating system.
• Microsoft’s Windows Live Movie Maker,
Apple’s iMovie.
– Remember video codecs are lossy; avoid
re-editing.
Shooting and Editing Video
(continued)
• Nonlinear editing (continued)
Summary

• A digital video method is used for making and


delivering video for multimedia.
• A charge-coupled device (CCD) converts the light that
has been reflected from an object through the
camera’s lens.
• Codecs are used to compress (code) a video for
delivery and decompress a video for playback.
• There are many sources for digital video,
but getting the rights can be difficult, time-consuming,
and expensive
• Most video editing is now being done on computers
using nonlinear editing (NLE) software such as Avid,
Premiere, and
Final Cut.

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