POWER PLANTS

WAYS TO GET ELECTRICITY

 CHEMICALLY
Chemical energy is that which comes
from chemical reactions. From example: coal when
is burnt, batteries or even food. The last one
is created in the process of digestion because
the aliments are burned by the body and it makes
heat that are called calories. 
Nevertheless, the most used chemical energy are the
batteries. 

It's based on the exchange of electrons between two

chemical substances. The movement of them is what
creates the energy, in this case, electricity.

It's made of three parts, the negative one it's made of

zinc, the positive one copper and the one in
the middle is a chemical paste/solution. 

Finally, this electrons pass to the zinc again through

the chemical solution. It can be made with water and
salt, for example.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9OVtk6G2TnQ&t
=1s​  ​
 
 MECHANICALLY
A dynamo is an electric
generator intended for the
transformation of magnetic flux
into electricity through the
phenomenon of
electromagnetic induction,
generating a direct current.
The water or the wind moves 
turbines
and transforms the movement 
to electricity.

https://www.youtube.com/watc
h?v=X1d64d6LkCI
 PHOTOVOLTAIC
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gl5tY5N
oacc&feature=youtu.be
Is the using of solar power by means of photovoltaic
including solar panels to convert sunlight into
electricity. Thanks to this we have less pollution.
This type of plaques
capture the energy that comes from the sun and it is 
convert to alternating current:    plaques, hydraulic,
aeolian, solar and biomass.
Some materials like these solar panels, have the pro
priety of turning the photons into electrons
for making energy, and they can save it during the ho
urs of not night. Arantza
 GENERATOR

PARTS HOW IT WORKS

WHAT IS AN ENGINE?
 PARTS
• Engine: a machine that moves parts by converting
power into movement.
• Alternator:Is an electrical generator that converts mecha
nical energy to electrical energy in the form of alternatin
g current, that reverses its direction many times a
second at regular intervals, typically used in power
supplies.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tiKH48EMgKE 
• Fuel System. The fuel system is made up of the fuel tan
k, pump, filter, and injectors or carburetor,
and is responsible for delivering fuel to the engine as 
needed.
• Voltage Regulator: A voltage regulator is a system desig
ned to automatically maintain a constant voltage level.
• Cooling & Exhaust Systems: is usually piping used to
guide reaction exhaust gases away from a
controlled combustion inside an engine or stove. 
• Lubrication System. mechanical system of lubricating int
ernal combustion engines in which a pump forces oil int
o the engine bearings. 
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mmmcj53TNic 
• Battery Charger. It is an object which is used to recover
the charge to a battery, usually by electricity.
• Control Panel. The heart of a generator control panel,
is its ability to automatically start
and stop a generators engine. 
 HOW IT WORKS
• Transforms mechanical energy taken 
form an external source
and transform it into electrical energy.
•  With the movement is create mechan
ical energy, that the generator transfor
ms into electrical energy, that pass 
through a wire,
and goes for example to a light bulb.

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M
W1YUy3Yqpc
  1:09
 WHAT IS AN ENGINE?

An engine is a machine that converts energy into mech
anical force or motion. 
They can be distinguished in electric and
thermal motor, the last one uses fuel.
There are two types of engines: 
-The thermal ones, which creates a
combustion with fluids, transforming the chemical ener
gy into thermal energy, and
after that it’s created the mechanic one. 
-The electrics, which use the electricity produced by
electromagnetic induction for creating the movement.
 NUCLEAR POWER STATION

PROS CONS
 How does it work?
• It is a thermal power station in which the he
at source is a nuclear
reactor.,Heat is used to generate 
steam that drives steam to a
turbine connected to a generator that produ
ces electricity.

• they originate from the uranium atoms, the 
process is called fission. This generates he
at to produce steam, which is used by a
turbine generator to generate electricity .Th
ey don't burn fuel.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1
U6Nzcv9Vws
 
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rc
OFV4y5z8c&t=247s
 2:10
 PROS
• We obtain a lot of electric energy from
them, so more people can acceed to it, 

• During this process in the stations, it

doesn't create greenhouse effect's
gases, like CO2 and N2O, because
their chimenees don't contaminate the
air.
 CONS

-Many people are scared of 
nuclear power due to the few, 
although very significant, accidents
 that have taken place over the 
years. Like chernobyl,
ukraine(1986) and fukushima,
Japan(2011).
-And while nuclear energy 
operates with little pollution to 
 the environment, it certainly 
isn’t without its environmental 
 impacts.
 HYDROELECTRIC POWER STATION

Definition:  is the term referring to electricity generated by hydropower; the

production of electrical power through the use of the gravitational force of
falling or flowing water.

How it works: They are put in artificial or natural lakes or rivers, they built
giant walls in the middle of a river or in a corner of a lake.
The walls have a big pipe inside it were the water goes, in the middle of
these pipes you find a water turbine, the movement and preasure of water
moves the turbine that use a machine that looks like a big dinamo that
transform the movement of water into electrical energy, later  the water is
taken out from the Hydroelectric power station.

PROS CONS
    PROS  
PROS AND CONS
   Hydroelectricity is a renewable energy source because it uses the
energy of running water, without reducing its quantity, to produce
electricity.
  
   Hydroelectricity promotes guaranteed energy and price stability. Unlike
fuel or natural gas, is not subject to market fluctuations.

CONS. 
Building a dam and reservoir to support hydroelectric power takes a lot of
money, time, and construction, and most of the suitable sports to locate
hydro plants have already been taken.
In some cases, hydroelectricity can disrupt wildlife habitat. Hydroelectric
power plants can cause a loss or modification of fish habitat, and lead to
the entrapment of fish and the restriction of their passages.

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q8HmRLC
gDA  
 THERMAL POWER PLANT

Definition: is a power station in which heat energy is converted to

electric power. In most of the places in the world the turbine is steam-
driven. Water is heated, turns into steam and spins a steam turbine
which drives an electrical generator.

 
How it works: in thermal power plants, the heat energy obtained
from combustion of solid fuel (mostly coal) is used to convert water into
steam, this steam is at high pressure and temperature. This steam is
used to rotate the turbine blade turbine shaft is connected to the
generator.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IdPTuwKEfmA
PROS CONS

                                                   
 Cons and Pros
• Its thermal and vapor emissions can alter the
local microclimate.
• They negatively affect fluvial ecosystems due
to the hot water discharges in these.

• Coal has been used extensively in power gener
ation where better technology is employed to e
nsure that there is a balance between ecology 
and economics in producing sustainable and aff
ordable energy.
• Affordability. Energy produced from coal fired 
plants is cheaper and more affordable than oth
er energy sources.
 WIND POWER STATION

What is a wind power station?

There are objects that use the force of the wind to obtain
movement. This movement pass throw a generator and
this create electricity. 
How it works? 
They work the opposite of a fan. Instead of using
electricity to make wind they use the wind to produce
electricity. The wind turn the propellers, this provoce
that the generator turn and this make electricity
PROS CONS

https://www.youtube.com
/watch?v=DILJJwsFl3w
 PROS

• Advantages of the windmill.

The windmill is a clear example
of the use of natural resources
to configure an architecture
adapted to the environmet. 
• The water isn't contamined
• It doesn't have a very high
impact in the land
 CONS

  -Wind power energy is not a

completely natural resource 

  -They produce an emision of

greenhouse gases. 

  -It´s very expensive, and you

have to have a lot of space 

  -They produce a little

porcentaje of pollution 
 SOLAR THERMAL POWER PLANT

Definition: 

Solar themal power plants are electricity generation

plants that use energy from the Sun to heat a fluid to a
high temperature.

How does it work?

Solar thermal power generation systems collect sunlight

to produce a high temperature heat to generate
electricity. 

A heat-transfer fluid goes to a receiver and it's used to

produce steam. The steam becomes mechanical energy
in a turbine, which powers a generator to produce
electricity

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tdivW7inP0k 0.18
 Pros and Cons
• Non-polluting. Carbon-
free except for production and transportation.
• Can serve as a drop-
in replacement for conventional fuels to
     make steam.

• Sometimes they have a low energy density. 
When the weather is very hot it is created a l
ot of energy, but when the weather is colder i
s not produced energy.
• The manufacturing processes often create   
pollution
 TIDAL POWER STATION

Video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VkTRcTyDSyk
tides

PROS CONS
 Definition

• Tidal power or tidal energy is 
a form of hydropower that cone
rverts the energy obtained from
 tides into useful forms of powe
r, mainly electricity.

• It works similar to the windmind

but inside the water, the water
move a mill and with the
movement of the mill
the generator creates energy
 PROS
• Renewable: Tidal Energy is a renewable
energy source. This energy source is a
result of the gravitational fields from both
the sun and the moon

• Effective at Low Speeds :Water has 1000

times higher density than air, which
makes it possible to generate electricity
at low speeds.
 CONS
• Expensive to build

• Very location specific (only 20

sites identified with high
potential)

• Non-continuous, storage or
grid-backup required

• Locations are often remote

 PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER STATION

A photovoltaic power station, also known as a solar park, is a large-scale

photovoltaic system designed to supply merchant power into the
electricity. 
They are sometimes also referred to as solar farms or solar ranches,
especially when sited in agricultural areas. 
The solar power source is via photovoltaic modules that convert light
directly to electricity.
Most solar parks are ground-mounted photovoltaic systems, also known
as free-field solar power plants. They can be fixed tilt or use a single-axis
or two-axis solar tracker.

Solar panels produce electricity from direct current (DC), so solar parks
need conversion equipment to convert this to alternating current (AC),
which is the form transmitted by the electrical network. This conversion is
done by investors.
The performance of a solar park is a function of the climatic conditions,
the equipment used and the configuration of the system. The primary
energy input is the irradiation of global light in the plane of the solar
panels

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZLgOoMSlS3Y
 PROS
• Is energy renewable
• Is abundant 
• Is environmentally friendly

            CONS
• It's expensive
• So much space is needed
• Exotic materials are needed.