The document discusses the use of passive voice and reflexive pronouns in English grammar. It provides tables outlining how to form sentences in the passive voice for different tenses, including the present simple, past simple, future, and more. It also lists the reflexive pronouns in English and how they are used, such as "myself", "yourself", and "themselves". Examples are given for when to use or not use reflexive pronouns in sentences.
The document discusses the use of passive voice and reflexive pronouns in English grammar. It provides tables outlining how to form sentences in the passive voice for different tenses, including the present simple, past simple, future, and more. It also lists the reflexive pronouns in English and how they are used, such as "myself", "yourself", and "themselves". Examples are given for when to use or not use reflexive pronouns in sentences.
The document discusses the use of passive voice and reflexive pronouns in English grammar. It provides tables outlining how to form sentences in the passive voice for different tenses, including the present simple, past simple, future, and more. It also lists the reflexive pronouns in English and how they are used, such as "myself", "yourself", and "themselves". Examples are given for when to use or not use reflexive pronouns in sentences.
The document discusses the use of passive voice and reflexive pronouns in English grammar. It provides tables outlining how to form sentences in the passive voice for different tenses, including the present simple, past simple, future, and more. It also lists the reflexive pronouns in English and how they are used, such as "myself", "yourself", and "themselves". Examples are given for when to use or not use reflexive pronouns in sentences.
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
You are on page 1/ 18
Passive
Reflexive pronouns Active Passive
Present Simple The workers build the The house is built by the (nuolat) house. workers.
Present The workers are building The house is being built by
Continuous the house. the workers. (dabar) Past Simple The workers built the The house was built by the (praeityje, house. workers. nuolat) Past The workers were The house was being built Continuous building the house. by the workers. (praeityje, būtent tuo metu) Present Perfect The workers have built The house has been built by Simple the house. the workers. (rezultatas; be tikslaus laiko) Past Perfect The workers had built The house had been built by Simple (senai, the house. the workers. prieš kitą Future Simple The workers will build The house will be built (įvyks) the house. by the workers.
Future Perfect Simple The workers will have The house will have (by the time…) built the house. been built by the workers. Conditionals (būtų) The workers would The house would be build the house. built by the workers.
Modals The workers must The house must be
build the house. built by the workers.
Perfect Infinitive The workers must have The house must have built the house. been built by the workers.
-ing form I insisted on them I insisted on the watch
mending the watch. being mended by the workers. Present Perfect Continuous, Future continuous, Future Perfect Continuous, Past perfect continuous Passive laike nenaudojami (juos pakeičia Simple laikas). Šnekamojoje kalboje vietoje “be” dažnai vartojamas “get”:
Present Simple Alex gets hit by the stone.
Present Continuous Alex is getting hit by the stone. Past Simple Alex got hit by the stone. Past Continuous Alex was getting hit by the stone. Present Perfect Simple Alex has BEEN hit by the stone. (kitaip būtų has got – turi) Past Perfect Simple Alex had been hit by the stone. (kitaip būtų had got – turėjo) Future Simple Alex will get hit by the stone. Conditionals Alex would get hit by the stone. Modals Alex must get hit by the stone. Neveikiamoji rūšis naudojama, kai nežinoma, kas atlieka veiksmą arba tai nesvarbu. Kai veiksmas svarbesnis už jo atlikėją, pvz. The new hospital was opened (dažnai žiniasklaidoje). Kai pabrėžiame veiksmo atlikėją, e. g. The house was built by my father in 1998. Oficialioje kalboje; mandagiau. Kai veiksmą atlieka “someone..., he, she....”, dažniausiai neveikiamojoje rūšyje tas žodis praleidžiamas. O jei sakome, tada keičiasi įvardžio linksnis: The letter was written by me/you/him/her/it/us/them BY/WITH
Kai sakome, kas atlieka veiksmą, naudojame prielinksnį BY.
Bet jei veiksmo atlikėjas – instrumentas, prietaisas, medžiaga, ingredientas, vietoj “by” naudojame WITH (The omelette was made with eggs); taip pat po žodžių “coloured with / crowded with / filled with / packed with” Su žodžiais “give, offer, tell, etc.” Passive gali būti dviejų rūšių: Kevin was told a secret by Mary. A secret was told to Kevin by Mary. Prielinksnis eina iškart po veiksmaž. ACCUSE OF, SPEAK TO, BREAK INTO... e. g. The radio was turned OFF by David. LET → be ALLOWED to
She let us watch TV. → We were allowed to watch TV.
QUESTIONS
Klausimai sudaromi tokiu pačiu būdu, tik, kaip ir visuose klausimuose, is, are, was, were, have, has, had, will... iškeliamas į priekį, e. g. Has Anne walked the dog? → Has the dog been walked by Anne? Kai klausimas prasideda WHO/WHAT, negalima praleisti BY: e. g. Who painted the fence? → Who was the fence painted by? Personal/Impersonal Construction think, believe, say, report, know, expect, consider, understand, etc. Active People say that he has won the lottery. Passive a) It is said (that) he has won the lottery. (impersonal) b) He is said to have won the lottery. (personal) Abu sakiniai reiškia: “Sakoma, kad...” CAUSATIVE PASSIVE I have my hair cut. – Man nukirpti plaukai (neveik. rūšis) Panašu į Passive, tik žodžių tvarka susikeičia: 1.Kam veiksmas atliekamas (I – vardininkas), 2. have (šnekam. k. – get); keičiasi veiksmaž. laikai 3. kas yra keičiama (hair), 4. VIII (-ed arba III stulpelis) Present Simple have sth VIII I have my hair cut (man nukirpti plaukai) Present Continuous am / is are having sth VIII I am having my hair cut (man kerpami plaukai) Past Simple had sth VIII I had my hair cut (man buvo nukirpti plaukai) Past Continuous was / were having sth VIII I was having my hair cut (man buvo kerpami plaukai) Present Perfect Simple I have had my hair cut (Šnek. k. “get” vietoj “have” paprastai nevartojama, kad nesipainiotų su have got) Present Perfect Continuous I have been having my hair cut. Past Perfect Simple had had sth VIII I had had my hair cut (man buvo nukirpti plaukai) Past Perfect Continuous I had been having my hair cut Future Simple will have sth VIII I will have my hair cut (man bus nukirpti plaukai) Future Continuous I will be having my hair cut. Future Perfect Simple will have had sth VIII I will have had my hair cut ( bus nukirpti Future Perfect Continuous I will have been having my hair cut.
Modals must / can etc. have sth VIII
I must have my hair cut (man turi būti nukirpti plaukai) ..... (print) Reflexive pronouns
I’ve cut myself – aš įsipjoviau
I – myself You – yourself He – himself She – herself It – itself We – ourselves You – yourselves They - themselves I wash – aš prausiuosi, bet nereikia myself. Taip pat ir concentrate, feel, meet, relax, dress, shave Bet I dried myself with a towel.
