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Standard Language

The document discusses language standardization. It defines a standard language as a variety used for public communication that has undergone codification of grammar and usage. Characteristics of a standard language include being used by educated people, defined in dictionaries and grammars, and seen as more socially acceptable than dialects. The stages of standardization for unwritten languages are selection of a norm, codification, elaboration, and acceptability. Governments, linguists, educators, and other groups can work to standardize a language.

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Nabeel Riasat Riasat Ali
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© © All Rights Reserved
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893 views

Standard Language

The document discusses language standardization. It defines a standard language as a variety used for public communication that has undergone codification of grammar and usage. Characteristics of a standard language include being used by educated people, defined in dictionaries and grammars, and seen as more socially acceptable than dialects. The stages of standardization for unwritten languages are selection of a norm, codification, elaboration, and acceptability. Governments, linguists, educators, and other groups can work to standardize a language.

Uploaded by

Nabeel Riasat Riasat Ali
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Submitted To:

Misbah Rizwan

• Group Members
Nabeel Riasat S2F18BSEN0029
Azeem Shoukat S2F18BSEN0025
Shaan Ali S2F18BSEN0008
Sheharyar Yousuf S2F18BSEN0017
Presentation Topic Is

Standard Languages
And de-limitation of
Languages
Language

• What is a language?
The method of human communication, either spoken or written, consisting of the
use of words in a structured and conventional way. (Oxford Dictionary)
• Noam Chomsky’s definition:
Language is the result of the unfolding of a genetically determined program.
• Sapir’s definition:
Language is a purely human and non-instinctive method of communicating ideas,
emotions and desires by means of voluntarily produced symbols. ( Sapir 1921)
Continued

• David Crystal’s definition:


The systematic, conventional use of sounds, signs or written symbols in a human
society for communication and self-expression.
Characteristics of language

• Language is Arbitrary
• Language is social
• Language is symbolic
• Language is systematic
• Language is Vocal
• Language is non-instinctive, conventional
• Language is productive and creative
Origin of human language

• nn
Language and variation

• Languages vary from one place to another, Geographical variation.


• From one social group to another, Social variation.
• From one situation to another, Contextual variation.
DIALECT

• A variety of language spoken by a group of people that in a particular region.


• A form of language spoken in a particular geographical area or by members of a
particular social class on occupational group, distinguished by its vocabulary,
grammar and pronunciation.
• The word dialect was originally borrowed from Greek language.
What is a Standard Language?

• The adjective standard means “recognized as correct or acceptable”.


• A standard language (also standard variety, standard dialect) is defined either as
a language variety employed by a population for public communications, or as
the variety of language that has undergone codification of grammar and usage.
• A standard language is a variety that in different ways is recognized as more
correct and acceptable than other varieties. In many ways, standard variety is an
equally appropriate designation.
Some Examples Of Standard Language

• English
• Urdu
• Chinese
• Italian
• Somali
Characteristics of Standard Language

• It is the variety used by the educated people, e.g. those in the professions, the
media, and so on.
• It is variety defined in the dictionaries, grammars and usage guides.
• It is regarded as more correct and socially acceptable than other varieties.
• It enjoys greater prestige than dialects and non-standard varieties, non-standard
languages are felt to be the province of the less educated people.
• It is used in important functions in the society; in the government, the parliament,
courts, bureaucracy, education, literature, trade and industry.
Continued

• It is and idealized variety, but exists for most people as the version that is accepted as the
official language of their or country.
• In printed books and newspapers.
• Used in mass media.
• Taught in schools.
• Taught as second language or foreign language.
What is Language Standardization?

• Language standardization is the process by which conventional forms of a language are


established and maintained. Standardization may occur as a natural development of a
language in a speech community or as an effort by members of a community to impose
one dialect or variety as a standard. The term re-standardization refers to the ways in
which a language may be reshaped by its speakers and writers.
Stages Of Language Standardization

According to Wolff language standardization involves the following forms:


• Determination
• Codification
• Elaboration
• Implementation
• Cultivation
Stages In Standardization Unwritten Languages

According to Haugen (1966) there are four stages that are followed to standardize yet
unwritten languages.
• Selection of the norm
• Codification of the norm
• Elaboration of the norm
• Acceptability of the norm
The Aims Of Language Standardization

• To contribute in the development of a nation


• To facilitate communication
• To be used as model
• To enhance unification
• To simplify teaching
• To serve a political purpose
Who can Standardize a Language?

• Government and non-government organizations


• Linguists
• Politicians
• Religious institutions
• Media and the media people
• Educators
• Universities

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