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Critical Thinking in Management

This document discusses critical thinking in management. It covers topics like creative versus critical thinking, Bloom's Taxonomy, Webb's Depth of Knowledge model, and Kotter's Decision Process Model. It also discusses methods of problem solving like systematic searching, trial and error, difference reduction, means-end analysis, working backward, and using analogy.

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68 views26 pages

Critical Thinking in Management

This document discusses critical thinking in management. It covers topics like creative versus critical thinking, Bloom's Taxonomy, Webb's Depth of Knowledge model, and Kotter's Decision Process Model. It also discusses methods of problem solving like systematic searching, trial and error, difference reduction, means-end analysis, working backward, and using analogy.

Uploaded by

tasnim
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Critical Thinking in Management

Creative and Critical Thinking


Topics to be covered

• Creative vs. Critical Thinking


• Similarities and differences between
Creative and Critical Thinking
• Bloom’s Taxonomy
• Webb’s Depth of Knowledge
• Kotter’s Decision Process Model
• Methods of Problem Solving

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Creative vs. Critical

• Creative Thinking • Critical Thinking


– Generative – Passive, descriptive
– Producing something and contemplative
new or original – Logical reasoning

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Comparing Bloom’s Taxonomy to
Critical Thinking

Huitt’s (1992) classification of problem-solving


techniques:
• Critical thinking--linear and serial, more
structured, more rational and analytical, and
more goal-oriented
• Creative thinking--holistic and parallel, more
emotional and intuitive, more creative, more
visual, and more tactual/ kinesthetic

Huitt, W. (1992). Problem solving and decision making: Consideration of individual differences using the
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. Journal of Psychological Type, 24, 33-44.
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Creative vs. Critical Thinking

Creative Thinking Critical Thinking


• Generative • Analytical
• Nonjudgmental • Judgmental
• Expansive • Selective
When you are thinking When you are thinking
creatively, you are critically, you are making
generating a lists of new choices.
ideas.

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Left and Right Brain

• LEFT BRAIN • RIGHT BRAIN


– one thing at a time – integrating inputs
– linear processing – holistic perception
– sequential operation – dreams
– writing & symbols – holistic solutions
– analysis – synthesis
– logic & reason – pattern recognition
– mathematical – intuition, insight
– verbal memory – visualising

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Creative
• Having the quality or power of creating
• Resulting from originality of thought,
expression, etc.
• Originative, productive
• CREATE--
to evolve from one’s own thought or
imagination
to cause to happen; bring about; arrange
as by intention or design

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Concepts of Creative Thinking

• Thinking – the operating skill


• Intelligence – innate quality that may
depends on genes, early environment or a
mixture of the two
• Knowledge and information – materials
handled by thinking
(De Bono, 2000, p. 33)

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• CAN CREATIVITY BE
TAUGHT OR IS IT
INNATE?

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Creative Thinking

• Creativity is rare
• Creativity is non-linear, right brain
• Creativity is difficult
• Creativity breaks boundaries
• Creativity embraces novelty
• Creativity is play and improvisation
• Creativity emphasises alternatives

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Creative Thinking

• The one who never make mistakes, never


make discovery
– What does this mean in the context of
creative thinking?

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Module Code and Module Title Title of Slides Making innovation happen
Bloom Taxonomy

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Webb’s Depth of Knowledge

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Kotter’s Decision Process Model

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Methods of Problem Solving

• There are specific methods of problem


solving, including
– systematic searching,
– trial and error,
– difference reduction,
– means-end analysis,
– working backward, and
– use of analogy.

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Systematic searching

• Algorithms
– An algorithm is a specific procedure that,
when used properly and in the right
– A well-defined process that guarantee to
produce a solution
– Mathematical formulas are examples of
algorithms.

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Systematic searching (cont.)

• Heuristics
– Algorithms are guaranteed to work, but they
are not always practical.
– A mental shortcut, or rule of thumb that may
or may not lead to a correct solution
– They are shortcuts that are faster than
algorithms, but they are not always reliable.

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Trial and Error

• Somewhat similar to systematic searching,


but more haphazard and less reliable.
• Creating a solution, testing to see if it
works, and then starting over if
unsuccessful

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Difference Reduction

• Difference reduction is a problem-solving


method in which we identify our goal, where
we are in relation to it, and the direction we
must go to move closer to it.
• The aim is to reduce the difference between
a present situation in which a problem is
unsolved to a desired situation in which the
problem is solved.
• Not always a reliable method.
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Means-end analysis

• Means-end analysis is a heuristic problem-


solving technique.
• In means-end analysis, certain things we
do (means) will have certain results
(ends).
• Focus on the knowledge that a particular
action will have a particular result.

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Working backward

• Working Backward
– Involves breaking a problem down into parts
and dealing with each part individually.
– Starts by examining the final goal, then works
back to determine the best course of action.
– Very useful when the goal is known but the
way to achieve it is not.

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Use of analogy

• An analogy is a similarity between two or


more items, events, or situations.
• When people have successfully solved
one problem, they may try to use the same
approach in solving another problem if it is
similar enough to the first one.

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Discussion

• Discuss some of the key similarities and


differences between Creative and Critical
Thinking.

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