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Defence Research: Weapon Innovation

Stealth technology aims to make aircraft invisible to radar through shape design that reflects signals away and use of radar-absorbent materials. Drones are remotely piloted aircraft that can conduct surveillance and carry missiles. Missiles have different categories based on their range and targets. India's Defence Research and Development Organization conducts research on missiles, radars, tanks, aircraft and other defence technologies while also developing spin-off technologies for civil use including agriculture, medical devices and waste management. Nuclear power involves fission of uranium to produce energy while fusion combines light atoms to produce energy with less waste.

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57 views27 pages

Defence Research: Weapon Innovation

Stealth technology aims to make aircraft invisible to radar through shape design that reflects signals away and use of radar-absorbent materials. Drones are remotely piloted aircraft that can conduct surveillance and carry missiles. Missiles have different categories based on their range and targets. India's Defence Research and Development Organization conducts research on missiles, radars, tanks, aircraft and other defence technologies while also developing spin-off technologies for civil use including agriculture, medical devices and waste management. Nuclear power involves fission of uranium to produce energy while fusion combines light atoms to produce energy with less waste.

Uploaded by

Nani Sai
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Defence research

Weapon innovation
Innovations in war fare
• Stealth technology
• Unmanned areal vehicles(drones)
• Missile technology
• Guided and unguided systems
Stealth technology

• The goal of the stealth technology is to make an airplane invisible to the


radar

• There two different ways create near invisibility


• One way is to shape the airplane in a way that any radar signals it reflects are
reflected away from the radar equipment.
• Most conventional aircraft have a rounded shape, creates a very efficient radar
reflector.
• A round shape means that wherever the radar signal hits the plane,
some of the signal is bound to get reflected.

• So a stealth aircraft is given completely flat surfaces and very sharp


edges. When a radar hits such surfaces, the signal reflects away at the
angle.
• Second method in the stealth technology is use of radar
absorbent material (RAM).

• RAMs are used as paints on the surface.


Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (Drones)
• Drones are air crafts that are controlled from the ground or they may be autonomously following a pre-programmed mission.

• Mostly they are used for surveillance. Sometimes they are armed with missiles.

• They are cheaper than military aircrafts. Crew face no danger.

• Satellite controlled drones are also in use now.


Missiles
• Missile is a self propelled guided weapon system.
• Four parts of a missile are
• Target system,
• flight system,
• engine system and
• war head.
Categories
• Surface-to-surface
• Air-to-surface(ballistic missile, anti ship, anti tank etc.
• Surface-to-air(anti aircraft,
• Air-to-air missile
• Anti-satellite missile
Defence R&D in India

• Defence Research and Development Organization(DRDO) was


established in the year 1958.

• DRDO conducts research in important disciplines like aeronautics,


rockets and missiles, electronics and instrumentation, combat
vehicles, engineering, naval systems, armaments technology including
explosives research, terrain research, life sciences including hig-
altitude agriculture, physiology, food technology, and nuclear
medicine.
DRDO missile programes

• Trishul
• It is short-range surface to air missile(SAM)it has radar guided weapons and
can be used against aircraft and helicopters.

• Akash
• Medium-range (about 24km) multi target missile-it can target four to five
enemy aircraft and missile at a time.
• Prithvi
• Is a surface to surface missile with liquid propellant. It has internal navigator
and controller.
• It can go up to 250km with 500kg warhead. (Soviet Scud missile)
• It is difficult to trace Prithvi on radar because of its supersonic speed.
• Dhanush
• Ship launched version of Prithvi.
• Ship to ship missile with range of 150km.
• Shourya
• India’s suface to surface missile. It is fired from underground.
• Nag
• Anti-tank missile(ATM). Range 4km.
• Fire and forget capabilities: target sighted, the missile automatically aligns
itself to it.
• Agni
• Intermediate range ballistic missile. With liquid fuel its range can be 1000 to
3000km. Pay load is 1tonne.
• Agni-I, Agni-II, Agni-IIAT, Agni-III
• BrahMos
• Supersonic anti-ship cruise missile, jointly developed by India and Russia, can be fired
from multiple platform: ground, ship, submarine and air.
• Brahmaputra and Moscow-BrahMos

• Sagarika
• Nuclear capable ballistic missile, 700km
Other developments
• Missile defence system
• Which destroy incoming missiles
• Radar systems
• Land based air defence systems
• Battle field ground surveillance radar
• Air born surveillance radar
• Navigational radar.
• Electronic and radar Development Establishment, Banglore
• Defence electronics research development laboratory, Hyderabad.
• Bharat Electronics
• HAL
• Main battle tanks (MBT)

• Combat Vehicle Research and development Establishment(CVRDV) at Avadim

Chenni

• Arjun name of the battle tank. It can climb gradient of 35 degree. Has night

vision. Can move in deserts, sophisticated weapon systems


• LCA (light combat air crafts)
• Single seat, single engine, supersonic, light weight, all weather
• Designed for air to air, air to ground, air to sea combat roles.
• Advanced light helicopter
• HAL
• Meet the diversified operational requirements air force, navy and army.
Spin-off technology for civil use
• New technology developed by the DRDO have benefited civil society
also.
• Areas are :Metallurgy, agriculture, avalanche forecasting, and medical
services.
• World first water cannon was developed by DRDO : used at the time of
riots control.
• Bullet proof material for vehicles.
• Technology to store potatoes : agro technology
• Gamma irradiation facility to sterilise medical and bio-fertilizer products.
• DRDO set up Biomedical Technology
• Pace maker, light weight polio boots
• Titanium implants
• Ready to eat meals developed for troops.
• Herbal mosquito repellents
• Explosive detection kits
• Bio toilets(waste management)-decompose biological waste.
Nuclear energy
• Nuclear fission
• Atomic nucleus breaks up into two or more neutrons accompanied by
emission of energy.
• Uranium 235 main fuel. Fission occurs spontaneously in U235 and in this
process heat is emitted.
• U 238 is abundantly available but U235 is not.
fusion

• It occurs when two light weight atoms combine and form a nuclease
of a heavier metal, resultant atom has less weight. Weight loss is due
to matter converted to energy.

• Large energy is produced in this process.


Impact of nuclear power

• Nuclear reactor do not produce carbon dioxide.

• Save lot of fissile fuel. No acid rains.

• Economical.
• Safety issues

• All precaution taken such that surrounding are not contaminated by the radiation.
• Nuclear reaction produce alpha, beta and gamma rays. Hazardous to health.

• Nuclear vessel is surrounded by thick concrete blocks called shield, which normally prevent
all radiation from escaping.
• Every plant has instruments that continuously measure the radioactivity in and around the
plant.
• They automatically set off the alarm when radiation rises above certain level. If necessary
reactor is shut down.
Applications

• Radio isotopes are used in medical field- to kill malfunctioned cells


( cancer treatment).

• X-ray, MRI scanner, CAT scans and ultrasound each use nuclear
science and technology to examine different parts of the body and
diagnose conditions.

• Used for power generation


• In industry, beta radiation is used as tracers and for monitoring the
thickness of materials.

• Radiography technique allow us to find cracks in bridges, pipe lines or


heavy equipment.

• Pasteurization (food processing)

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