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Basic Terms in Statistics

The document defines basic terms used in statistics, including universe, variable, population, sample, and classifications of variables. It states that a universe is the set of entities from which data is collected, and a variable is an observable characteristic of each entity in the universe. A population comprises all possible values of a variable, while a sample is a subset of a universe or population. Variables can be qualitative, expressing categories, or quantitative, expressing amounts or numbers. Quantitative variables are further divided into discrete, which can be counted, and continuous, which can be measured precisely.

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Czarina Pauline Cunanan
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93 views

Basic Terms in Statistics

The document defines basic terms used in statistics, including universe, variable, population, sample, and classifications of variables. It states that a universe is the set of entities from which data is collected, and a variable is an observable characteristic of each entity in the universe. A population comprises all possible values of a variable, while a sample is a subset of a universe or population. Variables can be qualitative, expressing categories, or quantitative, expressing amounts or numbers. Quantitative variables are further divided into discrete, which can be counted, and continuous, which can be measured precisely.

Uploaded by

Czarina Pauline Cunanan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Basic

Basic Terms
Terms in
in
Statistics
Statistics
Definition of Basic
Terms in Statistics

Broad of
Classification of
Variables
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ERSENIVU
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ABRIALEV
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Scramble
Rumble
Universe
Universe
is the collection or set of
units or entities from
whom we got the data.
Universe
answers the question
– Who?
Variable
is a characteristic that is
observable or measurable
in every unit of the
universe.
Variable
Examples:
number of siblings, weight, height,
age of mother, usual daily allowance
in school, usual daily food
expenditure in school
and etc.
Population
is the set of all possible
values of a variable.
Population
The number of population
in a study will be equal to
the number of variables
observed.
Sample
is a subgroup of a
universe or of a
population is a sample.
Classification of Variables
Variables

Quantitative Qualitative

Continuous Discrete
Qualitative
are variables express a
categorical attribute.
Qualitative
Examples:
sex (male or female), religion,
marital status, region of residence,
highest educational attainment
Quantitative
answer questions such as
“how much” or “how
many”.
Quantitative
Examples:
height, weight, number of registered
cars, household size, and total
household expenditures/income of
survey respondents
Quantitative
can be further classified
as discrete or
continuous
Discrete
is a data that can be
counted.
Discrete
Examples:
the number of days for cellphones to
fail, the ages of survey respondents
measured to the nearest year, and the
number of patients in a hospital
Continuous

are data that can be


measured.
Continuous
Examples:
the exact height of a survey
respondent and the exact volume
of some liquid substance
Continuous
Examples:
the exact height of a survey
respondent and the exact volume
of some liquid substance
Take Note!
• A universe is a collection of units from
which the data were gathered.
• A variable is a characteristic we
observed or measured from every
element of the universe.
Take Note!
• A population is a set of all possible
values of a variable.
• A sample is a subgroup of a universe or a
population.
Take Note!
• In a study there is only one universe but
could have several populations.
• Variables could be classified as qualitative
or quantitative, and the latter could be
further classified as discrete or continuous.
Group
Activity 3

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