DISTANCE EDUCATION

DEFINITION DIASTANCE EDUCATION

The acquisition of knowledge and skills through

mediated information and instruction,
encompassing all technologies and other forms
of learning at a distance
- MD Roblyer
 MEANING

 The students of universities and institutes of

higher learning do not attend regular classes or
lectures, but instead study teaching material
especially prepare for this purpose by
professors and their staffs together with
experts
 NATURE OF DISTANCE EDUCATION

The teacher prepares the learning materials

from which he himself may never teach.
Another teacher may use the material and
evaluate students work
Give new meaning to the concept of
independence of adult learner
Management skills are essential
Poses problems to staff causing
depersonalization
 PHILOSOPHY

 Learner is the active and self directed agent who

makes choice, takes decisions, directs the process
qualitatively and assumes responsibility for all
this.
 He is a self monitor, self evaluator, self feed backer
and self improver
 AIM OF DISTANCE EDUCATION

Not only in providing certificates and degrees but also

helps in personal growth and training for better job
enhancement and in service education
 OBJECTIVES

Bring Make
changes in Provide education
attitude flexibility socially
and of time more
knowledge relevant

provide
Promote habit opportunities
To impart for self
of lifelong
latest enrichment
learning among
informati and
teachers
on and professional
skills upgrading
 CHARECTERISTICS
LITTLE
FACE TO
NOW FACE
APPLIED RELATIONS LITTLE
FOR HIP ORAL
TEACHER INSTRUCTI
EDUCATION ON

PART CHARECTERI NO FIXED

TIME STICS CLASSROO
BASIS M AND
LECTURE
ROOM
USE OF
LEARNING
MULTI
IS ON
MEDIA
INDIVIDUA
APPROACH
L BASIS
 ELEMENTS
• Separation of teaching and learning behavior
• Use of technical media
• Possibility of two way communication
• Possibility of occasional seminars or meeting
• It is a form of indirect instruction, it is imported by
technical media
 FUNCTIONS

• Autonomous treatment in the framework of open

universities
• Table component of higher education
• It accommodates all learners
• Education activities it includes technologies
• Generally developed outside of the main stream
educational management
• Provide learning opportunities
• It require careful planning
TYPES OF DISTANCE EDUCATION

SYNCHR
OPEN
ONOUS
SCHEDULE
ONLINE
COURSE ASYNCHR
ONOUS
FIXED
TYPES
TIME
ONLINE
COURSES HYBRID
COMPUTE DISTANCE
R BASED LEARNING
DISTANCE
LEARNING
 STUDENTS IN DISTANCE EDUCATION

• Under graduate distance students

• Part time distance students
• Post graduate distance students
• Conventional distance students
 FORMS

CHOICE OF MEDIUM

DIDACTIC MODEL

INSTITUTIONAL TYPE
 CHOICE OF MEDIUM

• Use of technical media

• The basis for the learning materials
• Printed based(80%)
• Broad casting(10%)
• Face to face seminar and summer schools(10%)
• These are cost effective and can be used by people
with literacy problem
 DIDACTIC MODEL

• Provision for 2 way communication

• Possibility of occasional seminar
 Correspondence element is reduced once the
learning materials have been developed and
distributed
 Student will meet their teacher for evaluation,
explanation and preparation of next stage
 INSTITUTIONAL TYPE

• Consideration is given to the influence of an

educational organization
• The major groupings of institution can be
distinguished
 Privately sponsored
 Publicly sponsored
 National accrediting bodies
 Government sponsored schools , colleges and
universities
• Separation of students from teachers are engaged in
the planning or purchase of learning materials and
possess
DELIVERY SYSTEM OF DISTANCE EDUCATION

FLEXIBLE
LEARNING
WORKSHOP

SUBCONT
DELVERY LOCAL
RACTING SYSTEM SYSTEM
SYSTEM

REMOTE
SYSTEM
 ADVANTAGES

• Lots of flexibility
• No commuting
• Numerous choice for schools
• Lowered costs
• Learn while working
 DISADVANTAGES

• Requires self motivation

• It does not give direct access to instructor
• Isolated learning
• It requires constant, reliable access to technology
• it does not offer immediate feed back
• Always it does not offer all necessary course
• Hidden cost
• It must be accredited
• It does not give opportunity to work on oral
communication skill
MODELS OF UNIVERSITY LEVEL DISTANCCE
EDUCATION

WESTERN MODEL

EASTERN MODEL

TECHNOLOGICAL
MODEL
 WESTERN MODEL

• Rank in national education policy

• It originally intended to help people faraway from
study centre
• Very tradition in colleges and schools
• Aimed to prevent the student to attend university by
adverse circumstances
• Areas of responsibility
• Department of university extension
• They will decide the contents & procedures
• Integration into the hierarchy of the
university
• Section of the department of university extension or
adult education
• Non – integration or less integration observed
• Methods of teaching and leaning
• schools have considerable experience in
development of study materials
• It was taken over by universities
• These will insist on a careful development of written
special material
 EASTERN MODEL

• Rank in national educational policy

• Introduced and developed systematically by the
education ministries
• At the same time governments intended to provide for
additional access to the professions
• Areas of responsibility
• Centralized planning and coordination by the respective
ministries of higher education
• Central institute established to prepare & distribute the
necessary teaching and study materials
• Integration into the hierarchy of the
university
• Teaching faculty of the universities have to be
responsible for their distant students
• Methods of teaching and learning
• Regular consultation at week end and yearly seminars
of several weeks
• Students will work as full time at same time study at
the university
• Curriculum, textbooks, approach, infrastructure is
same for both regular and distance education student
 TECHNOLOGICAL MODEL

• Techniques of planning, designing and optimizing

projects in distance education can favorable for the
further development
• It is calculated by the calculated use of modern
technical media
• This development changes the structure of the
teaching & learning process
• It requires careful, time consuming & expensive
preparations.
• The technical medium is used to stimulate the teacher
 PHASES IN TECHNOLOGICAL MEDIUM

• Teaching techniques are developed

• Optimized technique in teaching
• Teaching techniques are coordinated
• Development work is based on curriculum research
and the duplication of teaching technique
• Scientific instruments and procedures improve
distance education systematically and verify
outcomes
• Technological media is very expensive and
organizational system will be required.
 MODES OF DISTANCE EDUCATION

 Open universities
 Correspondence education
 Liberal education
 Teacher education
 Continuing education
 In-service education
 OPEN UNIVERSITIES

• It provides through tutor, counselor, who provide

continuing support for student
• Teacher function- exclusively related to the teaching
packages
• It will have reply devices, locus for student
interaction, viewing centers
 INDIAN SCENARIO………..
• 1926 – Delhi university established( school of
correspondence)
• The Punjab, Patiala and Meerut universities
• And other universities
 CORRESPONDENCE EDUCATION

• DEFINITION:
Instruction by the exchange of letters between the
teacher and student, a process in which the
contributions of both are usually based on
specially prepared and methodically developed
printed course material
• Meaning- instruction chosen by both, indirect
contact between student and teacher, possibility of
teacher influence the student
• Student- student who having work at the same time
having interest to complete education
Live sparsely settled area
Living in abroad and for away from school
Person who are hinder to attend the school
To raise their general level of education or
advanced level
• For promotion in working area
• Who wish to improve their condition of life
• Who have considerable will power
• Who have ambition to change blue collar to white
collar job
 TEACHERS IN CORRESPONDANCE
EDUCATION

 Teachers whose competence in higher then average,

who teaches at institutes of higher learning
 Experienced practitioners
 Leading experts and managers
 Correspondence schools have small staff of full time
more staff of part time employees
 Experienced teachers are found
 TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES OF TEACHING

 The printed word can be suitably supplemented by

other communication methods
 In India correspondence education mainly adopts two
media of instruction
Written lesson script
Occasional spells of personal contact
• Lesson script – generally comprehensive
description/ explanations of various topics and are
well- illustrated
• Supporting services – after written updated and
needs to be carefully edited and illustrated with the
help of diagrams etc.
• Technicians may prepare audio visual aids
 LIBERAL EDUCATION

• Definition- A curriculum which includes a wide

range of subjects, it gives a training that prepares
individuals for every future occupation rather than a
specific occupation
• Meaning – it primarily based on liberal arts
and intend to provide maximum opportunities
for self expression
• It includes all aspect of living
• Through this individual can understand the broad
cultural foundations, significant accomplishment
 EDUCATIONAL EXPERIENCE & STUDENTS
INTERACTION

• Educational experience – it meets present and future

social needs
• Students interaction – freedom to use intellect and
values
• International relationship
• Awareness of themselves, stability, other
centeredness, union with god
• Qualities of a teacher – familiarity
• Attitude of cooperation
• Establishment of right relationship
• Ability to criticize
• High quality of correction and thoroughness
• Tools and techniques of teaching –
• Communicate knowledge from one mind to another,
and printed word communicated other method
• In Indian scenario – written lesson script
LIBERAL EDUCATION INNURSING:
• To achieve the objective of nursing the nurse in India
must be liberally educated
• The nursing education is accordance with the system
of liberal education with other disciplines
FUNCTIONS IN NURSING
• Encourages critical thinking
• Opens your eyes
• Makes you well-rounded
• Prepares you for leadership
 CONTINUING EDUCATION

• Definition – continuing education is all the learning

activities that occurs after an individual has
completed his basic education - cooper
• Needs – development of nurses will occur
• Nurses with research aptitudes and preparation are
needed
• Nurses in administrative position need to improve
knowledge
• Meet the health needs and public expectation
• Develop practicing abilities
• Recruitment function
• Recognize gaps in their knowledge
• Test ability to do final academic study
• Improve communication
• To ensure the quality of education
• To grant budget for extension studies
• To maintain academic standards
• To meet educational requirements
DISTANCE EDUCATION AND CONTINUING
EDUCATION
 Distance education can be used to deliver credit
courses and entire curricula, continuing education,
and on the job or just in time training
 Through distance education it is possible to educate a
lot of nurses within a short time
 By this way the professional qualities of nurse may
be improved, in other words lifelong learning and
continuing education is provided
ROLE OF TUTOR

TUTORNG
AT
COMPUTER DISTANCE
MEDIATED ESTABLIS
TUTORING H INTIAL
CONTACT
ROLES
OPENNESS MAINTAIN
VS REGULAR
EMPTINESS FACILITATI CONTACT
NG
STUDENT
NETWORK
 DISTANCE EDUCATION IN INDIAN
SCENARIO

• POLICY
• The national policy on education (1986) highlighted
the role of open learning and distance education for
the democratization of education in country
• Future thirst would be in the direction of distance
and open learning system
 PROBLEMS

• To instructuanalize distance education with in the

existing bureaucracy and in providing regular
financial support
• Printed material and other media need to be well
prepared
• Lack of face to face contact
• Cost effectiveness
• Sensitive to local culture
 TEACHERS

• Type 1
• Type 2
• Type 3
• Type 4
• Type 5
 STUDENTS

• Under graduate students

• Part time distance students
• Post graduate students
• Conventional students
 TYPES OF DISTANCE EDUCATION

• Type 1
• Type 2
• Type 3
• Type 4
DISTANCE EDUCATION IN
NURSING
 NEED OF DE IN NURSING

 Nurses who are working remote area and have no

facilities for higher education
 Those who are unable to join nursing colleges
 Who are already working and cannot be relived from
duties
 Those who feel cannot cope up regular course with
specific time
 UNVERSITIES OFFERING DISTANCE
EDUCATION IN NURSING

 Indira Gandhi National Open University

 Vinayaka Mission University
 Annamalai University

 Baba sahib Ambedkar Open University

 Nalanda Open University

 Netaji Subhas Open University

 Tamilnadu Open University

 Vardhaman Mahaveer Open university

 Yashvantrao Chavan Maharashtra Open University
 COURSES OFFERS IN DE

 Diploma in critical care nursing

 Paramedical science in hospital assistance
 Physician assistance
 Radiological assistance
 Certificate in traditional birth attendant
 Diploma in patient care assistant
 Diploma in village health worker
 Competency enhancement for auxiliary nurse
midwife
 Competency enhancement for female health worker
 Home based care provider
 Newborn and infant care
 Basic medical assistance and nursing care
 Operation theater assistant
 Optometry and ophthalmic assistance
 Diploma in emergency room nursing
 Nephro urology nursing
 Diploma in health assistant
 Certificate in obstetrics assistance
 Certificate Dai prashikshan
 Certificate Home care assistant
 Certificate in patient assistant
 IMPORTANCE OF DE IN NURSING

 Nurse can update their knowledge and skills only with

the continuity of education, on the other hand nurse
cannot continue the formal education due to their living
condition
 It has gained importance an alternative way to gain of
clinical skills
 Nurses who are working and having family
responsibilities are more positive toward the web based
courses
 Distance learners found valuable critiques and
suggestions that they received from their tutorials and
peers
THANK
YOU