“ People in the world, people without

faith, do not understand that it is possible

for a person, a soul, to establish a
deeper, more intimate, more real
relationship with Jesus than that between
a man and a woman in the world.
(Homily, February 3, 1990)
”
Message of the week
OPERATING SYSTEMS
CORE 1 Install and Configure Computer Systems
Learning Target

At the end of the lesson, I can....

- define what is an Operating System
- differentiate the types of Operating Systems
- update the drivers of the Operating System
What is an Operating System?
What is an Operating System?

The Operating System(OS) is a software which

manages all the software and hardware
resources of the computer. It translates the
instructions(input) of the hardware and execute
these instructions through the software thus,
providing interface for the user and the
machine.
FUNCTIONS PERFORMED BY THE OS

1. Processor management
The operating system needs to allocate enough of
the processor's time to each process and
application so that they can run as efficiently as
possible.
Processes
that are
working in
the computer
while you are
using it.
FUNCTIONS PERFORMED BY THE OS

2. Memory storage and management

The operating system needs to ensure that each
process has enough memory to execute the
process, while also ensuring that one process does
not use the memory allocated to another process.
For each process,
it has to be
allocated with a
portion of the
total memory to
be able to do the
task. Running too
many apps or
process will
consume a lot of
the systems
memory. This
causes the
computer to slow
down.
FUNCTIONS PERFORMED BY THE OS

3. Device management
Most computers have additional hardware, such as
printers and scanners, connected to them. These
devices require drivers, or special programs that
translate the electrical signals sent from the
operating system or application program to the
hardware device.
All the devices read
by the operating
system can be seen
from the device
manager.
FUNCTIONS PERFORMED BY THE OS

4. Application interface
Programmers use application program interfaces
(APIs) to control the computer and operating
system. As software developers write applications,
they can insert these API functions in their
programs.
User interface is
provided by the
Operating System
to allow the user to
interact with the
application
FUNCTIONS PERFORMED BY THE OS

5. User interface
The user interface sits as a layer above the
operating system. It is the part of the application
through which the user interacts with the
application.
USER INTERFACE

COMMAND
LINE
INTERFACE
(CLI)
USER INTERFACE

GRAPHICAL
USER
INTERFACE
(GUI)
TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEM

Batch Job

OPERATING SYSTEM
BATCH
1
Operating
System Job

CPU
BATCH
2
Groups jobs with similar
job requirement into Job BATCH
batches based on its
needs. 3
Examples

- Transactions (e.g.
money transfers from
banks)
- Billing (e.g. process
call data records into
batches)
TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEM

Time Sharing/ WORD

Multitasking
OS
Each task is given a time
BROWSER
Operating
System CPU
to execute to ensure that
everything runs smoothly.
EMAIL
Examples

- Windows Operating
System
- MAC OS
TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEM
CPU
Distributed CPU
RAM
MOBO CPU
Operating RAM
MOBO
RAM
MOBO
System Operati
CPU ng CPU
Independent systems RAM
System
RAM
possess their own memory MOBO MOBO
unit and CPU. These are
CPU CPU
referred as loosely
RAM RAM
coupled systems or MOBO MOBO
distributed systems.
Examples

Solaris Operating
System for SUN
multiprocessor
workstations.
TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEM

Network Client

Operating Client Client

System Server
These systems run on a OS

server and provide the

Client Client
capability to manage data,
users, groups, security,
applications, and other Client

networking functions.
Examples

Windows Server
Operating Systems
- Windows Server 2008 R2
- Windows Server 2016
- Windows Server 2019
TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEM

Real-time Applications
Operating
System RTOS-Kernel
These types of OSs serves
the real-time systems. The
time interval required to
process and respond to Customer Hardware
inputs is very small.
Examples

Automated Teller
Machine
DRIVERS
Device drivers are
small computer
programs that
allow operating
systems to read
pieces of hardware
connected to your
computer.
TYPES OF DRIVERS
BIOS
BIOS (basic input/output system) is, by definition, the most
basic computer driver in existence and is designed to be the
first program that boots when a PC turns on.

Motherboard drivers
Motherboard drivers are small programs that are read by
either Windows or Linux and allow for basic computer
functions while inside the operating system.
TYPES OF DRIVERS
Hardware drivers
Hardware drivers are programs that are designed to allow
pieces of computer hardware, such as expansion slots, to
function on a computer. Video cards, sound cards,
network cards and other expansion cards come with driver
discs to ease the installation process of the hardware.
TYPES OF DRIVERS
Virtual device drivers
Virtual device drivers are different than most drivers. Unlike the
majority of drivers, which allow pieces of hardware to work with a
particular operating system, virtual device drivers emulate a piece
of hardware and essentially trick the computer into thinking that it
is reading from a piece of actual hardware.
TYPES OF DRIVERS
Virtual device drivers
Virtual device drivers are different than most drivers. Unlike the
majority of drivers, which allow pieces of hardware to work with a
particular operating system, virtual device drivers emulate a piece
of hardware and essentially trick the computer into thinking that it
is reading from a piece of actual hardware.