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Decimal Binary Octal Hexadecimal Binary Coded Decimal (BCD)

The document discusses different number systems including decimal, binary, octal, hexadecimal, and binary coded decimal (BCD). It provides techniques for converting numbers between these bases, such as dividing or multiplying by the base and tracking remainders or place values. The goal is for students to be able to differentiate between the number systems and convert numbers between them.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
160 views20 pages

Decimal Binary Octal Hexadecimal Binary Coded Decimal (BCD)

The document discusses different number systems including decimal, binary, octal, hexadecimal, and binary coded decimal (BCD). It provides techniques for converting numbers between these bases, such as dividing or multiplying by the base and tracking remainders or place values. The goal is for students to be able to differentiate between the number systems and convert numbers between them.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Decimal

Binary
Octal
Hexadecimal
Binary Coded Decimal (BCD)
• At the end of this chapter, students should
be able to:-
– Differentiate between decimal, binary, octal,
hexadecimal and BCD.
– Convert number between bases.

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Type Base Numbers/Symbols
Decimal 10 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
Binary 2 0, 1
Octal 8 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Hexadecimal 16 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F

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Binary Octal Decimal Hexadecimal
0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1
10 2 2 2
11 3 3 3
100 4 4 4
101 5 5 5
110 6 6 6
111 7 7 7
1000 10 8 8
1001 11 9 9
1010 12 10 A
1011 13 11 B
1100 14 12 C
1101 15 13 D
1110 16 14 E
10/9/2012 1111 17RA/Sept2012-Jan201315 F 5
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Decimal - Binary
Technique:
– Divide the decimal number by 2, keep track of the remainder.
– First remainder is the Least Significant Bit (LSB).
Eg. 8710 = _________ 2

2 87 43 remainder 1 LSB (Least Significant Bit)(right-most bit)


2 43 21 remainder 1
2 21 10 remainder 1
2 10 5 remainder 0
2 5 2 remainder 1
2 2 1 remainder 0
2 1 0 remainder 1 MSB (Most Significant Bit)(left-most bit)
Therefore, 8710 = 10101112

Binary – Decimal
Technique:
– Multiply each hexadecimal number by 2n, where n is the weight of the bit.
– The weight is the position of the bit, starting from 0 on the right. (LSB)
– Then, sum the results. MSB LSB Description
Eg. 10101112 = _________ 10
2
6 5
2 4
23
22
2
1
20
2 Bit Weights
1 0 1 0 1 1 1 Binary Number
= 1*26 + 1*24 + 1*22 + 1*21 + 1*20
= 64 + 16 + 4 + 2 + 1
= 8710
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Decimal - Octal
Technique:
– Divide the decimal number by 8, keep track of the remainder.
– First remainder is the Least Significant bit (LSB).
Eg. 26610 = _________ 8

8 266 33 remainder 2 LSB (Least Significant Bit)(right-most digit)


8 33 4 remainder 1
8 4 0 remainder 4 MSB (Most Significant Bit)(left-most digit)
Therefore, 26610 = 4128

Octal – Decimal

Technique:
– Multiply each octal number by 8n, where n is the weight of the digit.
– The weight is the position of the digit, starting from 0 on the right. (LSD)
– Then, sum the results.
MSD LS Description
Eg. 4128 = _________ 10 D
82 81 80 Bit Weights
4 1 2 Octal Number

4128 = (4 x 82 ) + (1 x 81) + (2 x 80)


= 256 + 8 + 2
= 26610

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Decimal - Hexadecimal

Technique:
– Divide the decimal number by 16, keep track of the remainder.
– First remainder is the Least Significant Digit (LSD).
Eg. 42310 = _________ 16

16 423 26 remainder 7 LSD (Least Significant Digit)(right-most digit)


16 26 1 remainder 10
16 0 0 remainder 1 MSD (Most Significant Digit)(left-most digit)

Therefore, 42310 = 1A716

Hexadecimal – Decimal

Technique:
– Multiply each hexadecimal number by 16n, where n is the weight of the digit.
– The weight is the position of the digit, starting from 0 on the right. (LSD)
– Then, sum the results.
MSD LS Description
Eg. 1A716 = _________ 10
D
162 161 160 Hex Digit Weights
1 A 7 Hex Number
= (1 x 162 ) + (10 x 161) + (7 x 160)
= 256 + 160 + 7
= 42310.

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Decimal - BCD

Technique:
Replace each decimal digit (0 – 9) with a 4-bit BCD code. Decimal BCD
Eg. 87410 = _________ BCD 0 0000
MSD LSD Description
1 0001
8 7 4 Decimal Number
1000 0111 0100 BCD Code 2 0010
3 0011
Therefore, 87410 = 100001110100BCD
4 0100
BCD – Decimal 5 0101

Technique: 6 0110
Replace each 4 bits BCD digit with a decimal number. 7 0111
Eg. 0001100101111000BCD = _________ 10 8 1000
MSD LSD Description 9 1001
0001 1001 0111 1000 BCD Code
1 9 7 8 Decimal Number

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Therefore, 0001100101111000 = 1978
Binary - Octal

Technique:
- Group bits in threes, starting from right (LSB).
- Then, convert to octal.
MSD LS Description
D
Eg. 110101102 = _________ 8 011 010 110 Binary number
3 2 6 Octal number

Therefore, 110101102 = 3268

Octal – Binary

Technique:
- Replace each octal digit with 3-bit binary number.
MSD LS Description
Eg. 4728 = _________ 2 D
4 7 2 Octal number
100 111 010 Binary number

Therefore, 4728 = 1001110102


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Binary - Hexadecimal

Technique:
- Group bits in fours, starting from right (LSB).
- Then, convert to hexadecimal.
MSD LSD Description
Eg. 101111110101102 = _________ 16
0010 1111 1101 0110 Binary Number
2 F D 6 Hex Number

Therefore, 101111110101102 = 2FD616

Hexadecimal – Binary

Technique:
- Replace each octal digit with 4-bit binary number.
MSD LSD Description
Eg. 1A716 = _________ 2 1 A 7 Hex Number
0001 1010 0110 Binary Number

Therefore, 1A716 = 0001101001112


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Octal - Hexadecimal

Technique:
- Use binary as an intermediary. Description
1 7 4 . 3 6 Octal number
Eg. 174.368 = _________ 16
001 111 100 . 011 110 Binary number

7 C . 7 8 Hexadecimal number

Therefore, 174.368 = 7C.7816

Hexadecimal - Octal

Technique:
- Use binary as an intermediary.
Description
Eg. 7C.7816 = _________ 8
7 C . 7 8 Hexadecimal number

0111 110 . 0111 1000 Binary number


0
3 6 0 Octal number
.
1 7 4
Therefore, 7C.7816 = 174.368

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Decimal - Binary

Eg. Convert 23.37510 to base 2.


Technique:
1. Start by converting the integer portion:

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2. Then, convert the fraction:

(Take 0)

(Take 1)

(Take 1)

Putting it all together, 23.37510 = 10111.0112

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Binary - Decimal

Technique:
– Multiply each binary number by 2-n, where -n is the weight of the bit for fraction
starting from left to right. .
– Then, sum the results.
Eg. 1010.012 = _________ 10

1010.012 = 1 x 23 + 0 x 22 + 1 x 21 + 0 x 20 + 0 x 2-1 + 1 x 2-2


= 10 + 0.25
= 10.25 10
Therefore, 1010.012 = 10.2510

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Octal – Decimal

Technique:
– Multiply each octal number by 8-n, where -n is the weight of the bit for fraction
starting from left to right. .
– Then, sum the results.
Eg. 46.38 = _________ 10

46.38 = 4 x 81 + 6 x 80 + 3 x 8-1
= 38 + 0.375
= 38.375 10
Therefore, 46.38 = 38.37510

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Hexadecimal - Decimal

Technique:
– Multiply each hexadecimal number by 16 -n, where -n is the weight of the bit for
fraction starting from left to right. .
– Then, sum the results.
Eg. A7.0F16 = _________ 10

A7.0F16 = 10 x 161 + 7 x 160 + 0 x 16-1 + 15 x 16-2


= 167 + 0.059
= 167.059 10

Therefore, A7.0F16 = 167.05910

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BCD – Binary, Octal, Hexadecimal

Technique:
– First, convert the BCD number to decimal.
– Then, convert the decimal number to the indicated base .
Eg. 01011000BCD = _________ 8

01011000BCD = 5810 = 728


Therefore, 01011000BCD = 728
Binary, Octal, Hexadecimal - BCD

Technique:
– First, convert the indicated base to decimal.
– Then, convert the decimal number to BCD.
Eg. E216 = _________ BCD

E216 = 22610 = 001000100110BCD


Therefore, E2 16 = 001000100110BCD
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1. Convert the following number to the indicated base/code.
No. Binary Octal Decimal Hexadecimal BCD

1. 10101112

2. BACA16

3. 10010011BCD

4. 3248

5. 69410

2. Convert the following number to the indicated base/code.


a) 11101.112 to decimal.
b) FED.4716 to octal.
c) 01101001BCD to binary.
d) 7548 to BCD.
e) 152.2510 to hexadecimal.

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