Cloud Computing

What is Cloud Computing?

Cloud computing is the on-demand availability of computer system

resources, especially data storage and computing power, without direct
active management by the user.

“A pool of highly scalable, and managed compute infrastructure

capable of hosting end - customer applications.”
 You’re on the cloud already

If you use Flickr or Facebook or LinkedIn or Twitter or Backpack or [hundreds of other sites],
here you are using the cloud
Some Commercial Cloud Offerings
“Everything as a Service”
Delivered by the Cloud

Media sharing Business Apps

Backup
Management Apps
Search
Mobile Services
Email

Productivity Location-Based
Apps Services
Social
Networking Platform Storage
on
on Demand Infrastructure Demand
on Demand

Cloud Computing Means Many

Different Things To Different People
5
Massive Scale-out and the Cloud
Enterprise Class Global class
On-premise Hybrid/off-premise

100s -1000s of nodes 10,000+ nodes

Proprietary Commodity

HW resiliency SW resiliency

Max performance Max efficiency

Resources Shared Resources

Clusters Grids/Cloud

Static Elastic

Cost-Center Value/
Shared storage Replicated storage
Revenue-Center

Facility costs Power Usage Efficiency

6
How It Benefits Your Business
It is important to understand the benefits of cloud computing and this is the reason why so many businesses
are moving to the cloud.

Benefits of Cloud Computing for businesses:

 Reduce Costs

 Disaster Recovery
 Collaboration Efficiency
 Flexibility
 Scalability
 Environment Friendly
Reduce Costs
Swedish Red Cross Organisation chose to adopt cloud services, due to two important
considerations: cost reduction and the need for reliable and up-to-date communication.

 Moving to the cloud reduces costs on

infrastructure and software.

 Provides more investment capital for business

growth and give your business a strong
competitive advantage in the market
Disaster Recovery
Cloud storage provider TwinStrata released results from a new study that finds 72
percent of cloud storage users estimate they could recover their data within 24 hours,
compared to 62 percent of non-cloud storage users.

 Being able to access your data again quickly

allows you to conduct business as usual,
minimizing any downtime and loss of
productivity
y.
 Whether its a natural disaster, power failure
or other crisis, having your data stored in
the cloud ensures it is backed up and
protected.
Collaboration Efficiency
University of Bologna is a multi-campus university catering for more than 85,000
students and it is bringing collaboration at a new level with cloud computing.

 It gives your business the ability to

communicate and share more easily outside
of the traditional methods.

 You could use cloud computing to give

employees, contractors and third parties
access to the same files at same time.
Flexibility
Procore is an independent European consultancy firm. After adopting cloud services,
Procore has a modern and flexible approach for doing business that reflects the ‘new
world of work’.

 If a company needs more bandwidth than

usual, a cloud-based service can instantly
meet the demand.

 The cloud has also become more accessible

via smartphones and tablets, now access
your documents anytime and anywhere.
Scalability
TradeFacilitate delivers an innovative web solution for trading companies and has
developed a solution for importers and exporters worldwide to exchange trade data
using a paper-free online system, meeting global demand through cloud services.

 Your business can scale up or scale down

your operation and storage needs, quickly to
suit your situation, allowing flexibility as
your needs change.

 Rather than purchasing and installing

expensive upgrades yourself, your cloud
computer service provider can handle this
for you.
Environment Friendly
In a study released by Accenture, Microsoft and WSP Environment estimated that a
100-person company with applications deployed in the cloud can reduce energy
consumption and emissions by more than 90 percent.

 Businesses using cloud computing only use the

server space they need, which decreases their
carbon footprint.
 Using the cloud, results in at least 30% less energy
consumption and carbon emissions than using on-
site servers.
 SMEs get the most benefit: for small companies,
the cut in energy use and carbon emissions is likely
to be 90%.
Advantages of Cloud Computing

• Lower computer costs:

– No need of a high-powered and high-priced computer to run cloud computing's
web-based applications.
– Since applications run in the cloud, not on the desktop PC, your desktop PC does not
need the processing power or hard disk space demanded by traditional desktop
software.
– When you are using web-based applications, your PC can be less expensive, with a
smaller hard disk, less memory, more efficient processor...
– In fact, your PC in this scenario does not even need a CD or DVD drive, as no
software programs have to be loaded and no document files need to be saved.
Advantages of Cloud Computing
• Improved performance:
– With few large programs hogging your computer's memory, you will
see better performance from your PC.
– Computers in a cloud computing system boot and run faster because they
have fewer programs and processes loaded into memory.
• Reduced software costs:
– Instead of purchasing expensive software applications, you can get most of
what you need for free.
• most cloud computing applications today, such as the Google Docs suite.
– better than paying for similar commercial software
• which alone may be justification for switching to cloud applications.
Advantages of Cloud Computing
• Instant software updates
– Another advantage to cloud computing is that you are no longer faced with
choosing
between obsolete software and high upgrade costs.
– When the application is web-based, updates happen automatically available
the next time you log into the cloud.
– When you access a web-based application, you get the latest version without
needing to pay for or download an upgrade.

• Improved document format compatibility.

– You do not have to worry about the documents you create on your
machine being compatible with other users' applications or OS.
– There are less format incompatibilities when everyone is sharing
documents and applications in the cloud.
Advantages of Cloud Computing
• Unlimited storage capacity
– Cloud computing offers virtually limitless storage.
– Your computer's current 1 Tera Bytes hard drive is small compared to the
hundreds of Peta Bytes available in the cloud.
• Increased data reliability
– Unlike desktop computing, in which if a hard disk crashes and destroy all
your valuable data, a computer crashing in the cloud should not affect the
storage of your data.
• if your personal computer crashes, all your data is still out there in
the cloud, still accessible
– In a world where few individual desktop PC users back up their data on a
regular basis, cloud computing is a data-safe computing platform. For e.g.
Dropbox, Skydrive
Advantages of Cloud Computing
• Universal information access
– That is not a problem with cloud computing, because you do not take your
documents with you.
– Instead, they stay in the cloud, and you can access them whenever you have a
computer and an Internet connection
– Documents are instantly available from wherever you are.
• Latest version availability
– When you edit a document at home, that edited version is what you see when
you access the document at work.
– The cloud always hosts the latest version of your documents as long as you
are connected, you are not in danger of having an outdated version.
Advantages of Cloud Computing
• Easier group collaboration
– Sharing documents leads directly to better collaboration.
– Many users do this as it is an important advantages of cloud computing
multiple users can collaborate easily on documents and projects
• Device independence
– You are no longer tethered to a single computer or network.
– Changes to computers, applications and documents follow you through the
cloud.
– Move to a portable device, and your applications and documents are still
available.
Disadvantages of Cloud Computing
• Requires a constant internet connection
– Cloud computing is impossible if you cannot connect to the Internet.
– Since you use the Internet to connect to both your applications and documents,
if you do not have an Internet connection you cannot access anything, even
your own documents.
– A dead Internet connection means no work and in areas where Internet
connections are few or inherently unreliable, this could be a deal-breaker.
• Does not work well with low-speed connections
– Similarly, a low-speed Internet connection, such as that found with dial-up
services, makes cloud computing painful at best and often impossible.
– Web-based applications require a lot of bandwidth to download, as do large
documents.
Disadvantages of Cloud Computing
• Features might be limited
– This situation is bound to change, but today many web-based applications
simply are not as full-featured as their desktop-based applications.
• For example, you can do a lot more with Microsoft PowerPoint than
with Google Presentation's web-based offering
• Can be slow
– Even with a fast connection, web-based applications can sometimes be slower
than accessing a similar software program on your desktop PC.
– Everything about the program, from the interface to the current document, has to
be sent back and forth from your computer to the computers in the cloud.
– If the cloud servers happen to be backed up at that moment, or if the Internet
is having a slow day, you would not get the instantaneous access you might
expect from desktop applications.
Disadvantages of Cloud Computing
• Stored data might not be secured
– With cloud computing, all your data is stored on the cloud.
• The questions is How secure is the cloud?
– Can unauthorized users gain access to your confidential data ?

• Stored data can be lost!

– Theoretically, data stored in the cloud is safe, replicated across multiple
machines.
– But on the off chance that your data goes missing, you have no physical or local
backup.
• Put simply, relying on the cloud puts you at risk if the cloud lets you down.
Disadvantages of Cloud Computing
• HPC (High performance system) Systems
– Not clear that you can run compute-intensive HPC applications that use
MPI/OpenMP!
– Scheduling is important with this type of application
• as you want all the VM to be co-located to minimize communication
latency!

• General Concerns
– Each cloud systems uses different protocols and different APIs
• may not be possible to run applications between cloud based systems
– Amazon has created its own DB system (not SQL 92), and workflow system
(many popular workflow systems out there)
• so your normal applications will have to be adapted to execute on these
platforms.
Anatomy of the Cloud
Visual Model of Working Definition of Cloud Computing
Cloud computing service models
IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service), as the name suggests, provides you the computing
infrastructure, physical or (quite often) virtual machines and other resources like
virtual-machine disk image library, block and file-based storage, firewalls, load
balancers, IP addresses, virtual local area networks etc.
•The base layer
•Deals with Virtual Machines, Storage (Hard Disks), Servers, Network, Load Balancers
etc
Examples: Amazon EC2, Windows Azure, Rackspace, Google Compute Engine.

PaaS (Platform as a Service), as the name suggests, provides you computing platforms
which typically includes operating system, programming language execution
environment, database, web server etc.
•A layer on top of IAAS
•Runtimes (like java runtimes), Databases (like mySql, Oracle), Web Servers (tomcat etc)
Examples: AWS Elastic Beanstalk, Windows Azure, Heroku, Force.com, Google App
Engine, Apache Stratos.
SaaS (Software as a Service) model you are provided with access to application
software often referred to as "on-demand software". You don't have to worry about the
installation, setup and running of the application. Service provider will do that for you.
You just have to pay and use it through some client.

•A layer on top on PAAS

•Applications like email (Gmail, Yahoo mail etc), Social Networking sites (Facebook etc)

Examples: Google Apps, Microsoft Office 365.

 When you are a simple client who wants to make use of a software

but you have nothing in hand then you use SaaS.

 When you have a software developed by you, but you want to deploy

and run on a publicly available platform then you use PaaS.

 When you have the software and the platform ready but you want the

hardware to run then you use IaaS.

On-Promise VS. Cloud Computing
Separation of Responsibilities
1.On-premises IT infrastructure is like owning a car. When you buy a car, you’re
responsible for its maintenance, and upgrading means buying a new car.
2.IaaS is like leasing a car. When you lease a car, you choose the car you want and drive it
wherever you wish, but the car isn’t yours. Want an upgrade? Just lease a different car!

3.PaaS is like taking a taxi. You don’t drive a taxi

yourself, but simply tell the driver where you need to
go and relax in the back seat.
4.SaaS is like going by bus. Buses have assigned
routes, and you share the ride with other passengers.
Deployment Models
Private Cloud
• Operated for a single organizations
• These services are managed and provided within the organization.
Private Cloud
Vendors: IBM, VMware, HP, Oracle (Data centers) etc.
Infrastructure: Eucalyptus, 3Tera, IBM, VMware etc.

Public Cloud
• Available to general public or large industry group, owned by an organization
selling Cloud services
• These services are delivered to the client via the Internet from a third party service
vendor.

Vendors: Amazon, Google, Microsoft, Salesforce etc.

Infrastructure: Amazon, Rackspace, Gogrid, Joyent, Terramark etc.
Hybrid Cloud
• Two or more Clouds that remain unique but are bound by technology that enables
data and application portability
• There is a combination of services provided from public and private Clouds.
• Example: ERP in private Cloud and sales and Email on public Cloud

Community Cloud
• Shared by several organizations, supporting a specific community
• Community could shares infrastructures between several organizations from a specific
community whether managed internally or by a third-party and hosted internally or
externally.
• Example: Mount Sinai Hospital in Toronto, Canada that will give 14 area hospitals
shared access to a fetal ultrasound application and data storage for patient information
 AWS Azure Google Cloud
10 cloud service providers:  Company AWS Inc. Microsoft Google
Launch year 2006 2010 2008
1. Microsoft Azure Geographical 25 54 21
Regions
2. Amazon Web Services (AWS) Availability 78 140 (countries) 61
Zones
3. Google Cloud Key offerings Compute, storage, Compute, storage, Compute, storage,
database, mobile, data databases,
4. Alibaba Cloud analytics, management, networking, big
networking, messaging, media data, cloud AI,
machine learning services, CDN, management
5. IBM Cloud and AI, mobile, machine learning tools, Identity and
developer tools, and AI, developer security, IoT, API
6. Oracle IoT, security, tools, security, platform
enterprise blockchain,
applications, functions, IoT.
7. Salesforce blockchain.

8. SAP
Compliance 46 90  
9. Rackspace Cloud Certificates
Annual Revenue $33 billion $35 billion $8 billion
10. VMWare
Secure Cloud Computing Model
Cloud Computing Vision
Cloud Services Cloud Management

SLA & SYSTEM

PROXY/GATEWAYS COLLABORATION TEST MANAGEMENT
REPORTING PORTAL

WEB SERVER &PORTAL CROSS DOMAIN

SVCS
DIRECTORY SERVICES
SERVICES
TEST DATA ACCESS CLOUD ORCHESTRATION
& ACCOUNTING

BUDGETING & FINANCIAL APP DEPLOYMENT

NETWORK SIMULATION LIVE DATA STREAMS
TOOLS SERVICES BUSINESS SERVICE MGMT

SECURITY EVALUATION VERSION CONTROL RELEASE AND FAILBACK USER CONTROLLED

SVCS SERVICES SERVICES BACKUP/ARCHIVE IT SERVICE MGMT

Cloud Infrastructure SECURITY MGMT

MIDDLEWARE
IT OPERATIONS
DATABASE

PLATFORMS PROVISIONING

PROCESSING
BACKUP/ARCHIVE
STORAGE

CONFIGURATION MGMT
NETWORK