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    Neoplasia: Basic Pathology

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    The document discusses neoplasia, also known as tumors, including the basic structure and characteristics of benign and malignant neoplasms, the steps involved in metastasis, and provides an overview of childhood cancers such as common types, signs and symptoms. It describes how neoplasms have parenchymal tumor cells and a supporting stroma, notes differences in features like growth rate and invasion between benign and malignant tumors, and lists the multi-step process cancers must complete to successfully metastasize to distant sites.

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    Neoplasia: Basic Pathology

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    android tricks
    348 views12 pages
    The document discusses neoplasia, also known as tumors, including the basic structure and characteristics of benign and malignant neoplasms, the steps involved in metastasis, and provides an overview of childhood cancers such as common types, signs and symptoms. It describes how neoplasms have parenchymal tumor cells and a supporting stroma, notes differences in features like growth rate and invasion between benign and malignant tumors, and lists the multi-step process cancers must complete to successfully metastasize to distant sites.

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    Neoplasia

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    The document discusses neoplasia, also known as tumors, including the basic structure and characteristics of benign and malignant neoplasms, the steps involved in metastasis, and provides an overview of childhood cancers such as common types, signs and symptoms. It describes how neoplasms have parenchymal tumor cells and a supporting stroma, notes differences in features like growth rate and invasion between benign and malignant tumors, and lists the multi-step process cancers must complete to successfully metastasize to distant sites.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    348 views12 pages

    Neoplasia: Basic Pathology

    Uploaded by

    android tricks
    The document discusses neoplasia, also known as tumors, including the basic structure and characteristics of benign and malignant neoplasms, the steps involved in metastasis, and provides an overview of childhood cancers such as common types, signs and symptoms. It describes how neoplasms have parenchymal tumor cells and a supporting stroma, notes differences in features like growth rate and invasion between benign and malignant tumors, and lists the multi-step process cancers must complete to successfully metastasize to distant sites.

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    Basic Pathology

    PHR 215

    neoplasia
    What is neoplasia?

    • Neoplasia literally means “new growth”


    • Abnormal mass of tissue with growth that exceeds
    and is uncoordinated with that of the surrounding
    normal tissues; autonomous.
    • Neoplasm - Its often referred to as a tumor, and the
    study of tumors is called oncology.
    • Cancer - common term for malignant neoplasm
    Types of neoplasm?

    Benign
    Neoplasm Carcinoma
    Malignant
    Sarcoma
    Basic Structure?

    • All tumors, benign and malignant, have two basic components:


    • Parenchyma: made up of transformed or neoplastic cells,
     Largely determines its biologic behavior

    • Stroma: supporting, host-derived, non-neoplastic, made up of


    connective tissue, blood vessels, and host-derived inflammatory cells
     crucial to the growth of the neoplasm
     carries the blood supply
     provides support for the growth of parenchymal cells
    Characteristics of Benign & Malignant Neoplasms?
    Clinical features Benign Malignant

    Tissue architecture (histologic Well circumscribed, usually encapsulated Poorly circumscribed, lack of cell
    features ) polarity and epithelial cell connections

    Cytologic features Small, uniform cells, no visible nucleoli Large, pleomorphic cells with large
    hyperchromatic nuclei

    Differentiation Well differentiated, resembles cell of origin Well to poorly differentiated with
    with few mitoses, secretion of products, numerous, bizarre mitoses
    hormones etc.

    Local Invasion Most encapsulated and cannot invade or Not encapsulated and can invade
    spread to other sites

    Rate of Growth Slower growth, some dependent on More rapid growth, areas of necrosis
    hormones.
    Examples of benign and malignant neoplasms?
    Metastasis?

    • Metastasis is a complex process that involves


    the spread of a tumor or cancer to distant parts
    of the body from its original site.
    • However, this is a difficult process. To
    successfully colonize a distant area in the body
    a cancer cell must complete a series of steps
    before it becomes a clinically detectable lesion.
    Steps of Successful Metastasis?

    • The steps of metastasis include:


     Separation from the primary tumor
     Invasion through tissues around the initial lesion and penetration of their basement
    membranes
     Entry into the blood vessels and survival within blood - spread via blood vessels is
    called hematogenous spread
     Entry into lymphatics or peritoneal cavity - spread via lymph channels is called
    lymphatic spread
     Reaching the distant organ like lungs, liver, brain bone etc.
     Formation of a new lesion along with new blood vessels feeding the tumor - formation
    of new blood vessels is termed angiogenesis
    • All this while, the cancer cells have to avoid being killed by the
    body’s natural immune system.
    Childhood Cancer?

    • Childhood Cancer is the leading cause of death in children


    under 18 and is actually a collection of diseases.
    • Children are diagnosed with many different forms of cancer.
    There are 12 major types of cancer that can affect the bones,
    muscle, blood, liver, kidney, brain, or even the eyes.
    • Common adult cancers (lung, breast, colon, etc.) rarely occur
    in children or adolescents.
    • Among the 12 major types, Leukemias (cancer in the blood)
    and brain tumors account for more than half of all cases.
    Some common examples of childhood cancer?
    Signs and symptoms of childhood cancers?

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