TOWN PLANNING

ASSIGNMENT
PRESENTATION ON THE EVERGREEN CITY OF INDIA-TRIVANDRUM

PRESENTED BY-
DHANISTHA DAS
AYESHA ROOSMIN
GANI KENA
SONALI HARLALKA
CONTENTS
• INTRODUCTION
• DEMOGRAPHICS
• LAND USE PLAN
• HOUSING
• ROAD NETWORK
• PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE
• SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE
• ECONOMY
• HERITAGE
INTRODUCTION
The City
Thiruvananthapuram, referred by Mahatma Gandhi
as the “Evergreen City of India”
Thiruvananthapuram, an emerging metro
Asia’s largest IT Hub
A Regional service Centre
Proximity to International Sea Port
High Tech development materializing
Has the need for Master Plan
DEMOGRAPHICS
• Malayalam, the official state language, is the dominant language in Thiruvananthapuram.
• English is also used, particularly by the white-collar workforce.

• Tamil and Hindi are spoken by a sizeable minority. The city also has a few Tulu, Kannada, Konkani,
Dhivehi, Telugu, and Urdu speakers.
• As per 2011 census, the population below the poverty line in the city was 11,667.

• Thiruvananthapuram has witnessed massive migrations of workers from the North of India, mainly
West Bengal, Bihar, Punjab, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, etc. and from the neighbouring countries
like Sri Lanka, Maldives, Nepal and Bangladesh.
• According to the 2011 census, 68.5% of the population of the population is Hindu, 16.7% Christian
and 13.7% Muslims.
 DEMOGRAPICS
According to provisional results of the 2011 national census, the Corporation of Thiruvananthapuram, which
occupies an area of 214 km2 (83 sq mi), had a population of 957,730.

The city's population density was 4,454/km2 (11,540/sq mi).

The Urban Agglomeration had a population of 1,687,406 in 2011.

Thiruvananthapuram's 2020 population is now estimated at 2,584,752. 

ETYMOLOGY
• The city gets its name from the Malayalam/Tamil
word thiru-anantha-puram , meaning "The City of
Lord Ananta", referring to the deity of the Sri
Padmanabhaswamy Temple located in the city.

• The city was officially referred to as Trivandrum

until 1991, (Trivandrum bieng the anglicised name
of the town) when the government decided to
reinstate the city's original name
Thiruvananthapuram.
HISTORY
• Marthanda Varna founded the princely state of Thiruvithamkoor with Thiruvananthapuram as the
capital in 1745
• Acted as trading post for spices, sandalwood and ivory during pre-colonial and colonial period.
• Municipality set up in 1920 and upgraded to Corporation.
• In 1940 International tourist destination - Shri Anantha Padmanabhaswamy Temple and Kovalam
Beach Hosts the Annual International Film Festival
• Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station is located here.
REGIONAL LINKAGES

• Kollam –cashew industries and tourism potentials - catalyst for

socio-economic development of Thiruvananthapuram district

• Thirunelveli known as ‘Oxford of South India’, can add to the

educational potential

• Kanyakumari - Place with immense tourism vibrancy adds to

Tourism network of Thiruvananthapuram district.

• Major linkages by all three modes of transport : By Air (The

International Airport at Thiruvananthapuram) by Rail & by Road
CONSIDERATIONS

(1) Urban planning including town planning.

(2) Regulation of land use and construction of buildings.
(3) Planning for economic and social development.
(4) Roads and bridges.
(5) Water supply for domestic, industrial and commercial purposes.
(6) Public health, sanitation conservancy and solid waste management.
(7) Fire services.
(8) Urban forestry, protection of the environment and promotion of ecological aspects.
(9) Safeguarding the interests of weaker sections of society, including the handicapped and mentally
retarded.
CONSIDERATIONS
(10) Slum improvement and upgradation.
(11) Urban poverty alleviation.
(12) Provision of urban amenities and facilities such as parks, gardens, playgrounds.
(13) Promotion of cultural, educational and aesthetic aspects.
(14) Burials and burial grounds, cremations, cremation grounds and electric crematoriums.
(15) Cattle pounds, prevention of cruelty to animals.
(16) Vital statistics, including registration of births and deaths.
(17) Public amenities, including street lighting, parking lots, bus stops and public conveniences.
(18) Regulation of slaughter houses and tanneries.
LAND USE

EXISTING LAND USE MAP

OF TRIVANDRUM

RESIDENTIAL
PUBLIC /SEMI PUBLIC
INDUSTRIAL
COMMERCIAL
TRANSPORTATION
PARK AND OPEN SPACE
DRY AGRICULTURE
PADDY(ACTIVE)
PADDY(RECLAIMED)
PADDY(NOT CULTIVATED)
TOURISM
QUARRY
WATER BODY

SOURCE-tvm-corp-masterplan-draft.pdf
LAND USE

ACTIVITY ZONES BASED ON LAND

USE CONCENTRATION PATTERN

SOURCE-tvm-corp-masterplan-draft.pdf
 HOUSING
• The problem of housing is a complex one in Kerala. There is
no adequate housing facility for the excessive population.

• Most of the available accommodation is sub-standard mainly

as the consequence of rapid growth of population, rapid and
haphazard growth of cities and towns, lack of sufficient state
or municipal control over building activity, increasing numbers
of poor people and the inability of private enterprise to keep
pace with growing need for housing.

• Due to the pressure of population in urban areas of Kerala,

the demand for houses is on the increase.

• Such type of flow of population increases the density. The

urban areas become a permanent place for them to stay and
settle themselves. This by the simple logic of law of demand
and supply increases the pressure on the urban land and
inflates the land price.

• The escalation of population concentration in urban centers,

infiltration of modern culture in the lifestyle, leap frogging of
land prices and spurt in material cost of house construction
give rise to an unprecedented demand of High rise
Apartments in Kerala. The first Apartment was constructed in
Thiruvananthapuram followed by Ernakulam

SOURCE-nirdpr.org.in
 EXISTING ROAD NETWORKS
The road network within the thiruvananthapuram
corporation is generally of radial pattern.

The corporation has five major regional roads-NH47,SH 1

MC road, state highway to shenkottah, thiruvananthapuram
katakana road, vizhinjampoovar road.

Road length in the corporation area is 2586 km of

which 56% are surfaced.

SOURCE-
https://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/kerala/roads/
thiruvananthapuram.htm
TRANSPORTATION
• Thiruvananthapuram has a well-developed transport
infrastructure. The city and its suburbs may be
traversed using its road and rail networks.
• Within the city, city buses, taxis and auto rickshaws
provide means of transportation. Scooters,
motorcycles are the favored means of personal
transportation.
• Road • The NH 66 and NH 544 (old NH 47) connects
the city with Salem and Kanyakumari in Tamil Nadu.
• The Main Central Road is an arterial road in the city
and is designated as State Highway
Rail
• There are two major railway stations in the city
namely, the Thiruvananthapuram Central at the city
center and Kochuveli at near to sea cost.
• Other smaller railway stations in the city are Pettah,
Nemom, veli & Kazhakuttom railway stations.
• Thiruvananthapuram Central is the major railway
station serving the city. It falls under the Southern
Railway zone of the Indian Railways and is the
headquarter of the Thiruvananthapuram Railway
Division.
TRANSPORTATION
Air
• Thiruvananthapuram is served by the Thiruvananthapuram International Airport.
• The airport is just 6.7 kilometres (4.2 mi) from the city centre.
• Being one of the gateways to the state, it has direct connectivity to all the major cities in
India as well as Middle East, Malaysia, Singapore, Maldives and Sri Lanka.
• It also has the headquarters of the Southern Air Command (SAC) of the Indian Air
Force. Light Metro
• A system of metro has been proposed in the city stretching from Technocity to
Karamana.
 PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE
ELECTRICITY
• Kerala State Electricity Board Ltd (KSEBLtd) is responsible for the generation, transmission and distribution of
electricity in the state.
• Established in 1957, the agency comes under the authority of the Department of Power. It has been registered under
Indian companies act during january 2011.
• The Kerala grid is presently connected to the national grid mainly through three 400 kV double circuit lines-
• Udumalpett
• Madakkathara,
• Thirunelveli
• Pallippuram (Trivandrum).
• The transmission sector of KSEB Ltd is geographically divided in to two zones – the North Zone headquartered at
Kozhikode and the South Zone headquartered at Thiruvananthapuram.
WATER SUPPLY
Kerala Water Authority is an autonomous authority established for the development and regulation of water supply and
waste water collection and disposal in Kerala. This organization is responsible for supplying water to the residents of
trivandrum.
Karamana river with two reservoirs at peppara and aruvikara is the main surface water source.
81% people depend on KWA(kerala water authority)
There are 9 water treatment plants.

SOURCE-
http://spb.kerala.gov.in/ER2017/web_e/ch422
.php?id=41&ch=422
RIVER MAP OF TRIVANDRUM
KARAMANA RIVER
SOURCE-GOOGLE MAPS

SOURCE-http://nirdpr.org.in/nird_docs/srsc/srsc-rr-090518-3.pdf
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
• Thiruvananthapuram municipal corporation presently comprises of an area of 141.74 sq km of
which 30% is covered by a piped sewerage system

• Presently most of the sewage, about 50 mld reaches the only sewage disposal facility at Valiathara
locality in thiruvananthapuram.

• The sewage farm designed for a capacity of 8 mld was commissioned in 1945. The farm is now
loaded with 6 times higher quantity of sewage. The soil due to prolonged load of sewage and lack
of maintenance has lost its porosity and so the raw sewage remains stagnated within the farm for
prolonged period.
PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE

CITY DRAINAGE
• The undulating topography has made the city well drained.

• The natural drainage system has been affected due to human intervention.

• Water logging occurs in Trivandrum city even during rainy days with below average precipitation.
This implies that water logging is not a problem of cloud burst alone. There are several issues from
land shaping to drainage blockage contributing to this scenario.

• Though suitable drainage, sewerage networks and flood moderating efforts were under taken in the
city in the earlier 1930’s, most of these drainage lines are encroached and abandoned. This has
created severe flood problem in the city particularly in and around Thampanoor and East Fort
 SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE
EDUCATION
• Thiruvananthapuram is a major Information Technology hub in Kerala and
contributes 55% of the state's software exports as of 2016.

• Trivandrum currently has 80 plus CBSE schools ,15 plus ICSE schools, 500 plus
Government schools and 5 International schools.

• The best thing about the school educational system in Trivandrum is the accessibility
factor ; i.e one could easily access all the schools within the city radius

 15 engineering colleges, three medical colleges, three Ayurveda colleges, two

colleges of homeopathy, six other medical colleges, and several law colleges.

 Trivandrum district holds the most number of colleges and schools in Kerala
including , 30 professional colleges, and 38 vocational training institutes.

 Thiruvananthapuram is also home to most number of Research Centres in Kerala

including ISRO, IISER, BrahMos Aerospace Private Limited, Vikram Sarabhai Space
Centre (VSSC), Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre (LPSC), Thumba Equatorial
Rocket Launching Station (TERLS) etc.
HEALTH FACITLITES
 Kerala’s achievements in health scenario are on par with developed countries.

 The state has a better health standard with low birth and death rate, rapidly declining
growth rate, high level of acceptance of family planning methods and increased life
expectancy.
OPEN SPACE FACILITES
• As per the draft Thiruvananthapuram Master Plan 2012 which was later frozen by
Govt, the area of organized recreational open space available is only 0.54 sq km which
accounts to less than 1% of the total area of the city.

• As per the URDPFI guidelines a minimum of 18-20% of land area is earmarked for
Parks and open spaces

• Based on the standards and population distribution 10 new Parks were proposed in the
draft Thiruvananthapuram Master Plan which was proposed to be developed by
acquiring land in the specified locations.

• There 4 parks Kowdiar park, Chacha Nehru park , Poojappura park ,Museum park
have well developed play area and is equipped with child friendly play equipments,
lawns, fountains and snack/ ice cream parlours.
WATER BODIES
• The major lakes are Veli, Kadinamkulam, Anchuthengu (Anjengo),
Kaappil, Akathumuri and the Edava-Nadayara.

• Besides these, there is a fresh-water lake at Vellayani in Thiruvananthapuram taluk,

which has the potential to become the major water source of Thiruvananthapuram city
in future.

• Thiruvanantapuram city has Three rivers,

1)The Neyyar River is a river of south-western India in the Western Ghats,
2) Vamanapuram River is an 88 km (55 mi) long river in southern Keral,
3)Killi river, also called Killiyar, the main tributary of Karamana River, originates at
Theerthankara close to Panavur in Nedumangad taluk of Thiruvananthapuram district. 
ECONOMY
• The economy of the city is mainly based on the tertiary
sector.
• Thiruvananthapuram was listed as one of the top ten
cities in India on Vibrancy and Consumption Index by a
study conducted by global financial services firm
Morgan Stanley.
• The city is a major exporter of software with over 250
companies employing more than 40,000 professionals.
• As of 2015, it contributes around 55% of the state’s
software exports.
• Tourism also contributes to the economy of
Thiruvananthapuram.
• There are around 20 government wned and 60 privately
owned medium and large-scale industrial units such as
Infosys, UST Global, TCS, Oracle, SunTec.
• There are also 30,000 small scale industrial units
employing around 115,000 people
• Traditional industries include handloom and coir.
• The Techno park is the largest information Technology
park in Asia in terms of area. Techno park is also the
largest employment base campus in Kerela.
Source-
https://www.districtsofindia.com/kerala/thiruvanant
hapuram/economy
HERITAGE
• Trivandrum is rich in its history and culture. The picturesque places, traditional
buildings and unique festivals add more richness to the city.
• Sree Padmanabha Swamy Temple
• Puthen Malika Palace (Kuthira Malika)
• Padmanabhapuram Palace
REFERENCE
• https://www.districtsofindia.com/kerala/thiruvananthapuram/economy/index.aspx
• Innovative-projects-in-solid-waste-management_0.pdf
• /Critical-analysis-of-the-density-zoning-proposed-for-Thiruvananthapuram-city
%20(1).pdf
• http://nirdpr.org.in/nird_docs/srsc/srsc-rr-090518-3.pdf