Module -2

8051 Instruction Set:

 Topics to be covered
• Addressing Modes,
• Data Transfer instructions
• Arithmetic instructions
• Logical instructions
• Branch instructions
• Bit manipulation instructions.
• Simple Assembly language program examples
(without loops) to use these instructions.
Addressing Modes
 1.Immediate AM
• Source operand is constant and the data must
e appended by # sign
 2.Register AM
• This AM uses the registers to hold the source
& destination contents.
 3.Direct AM
• Address of the data is available directly as a
part of instruction.
 4.Register Indirect AM
• Register is used to hold the address of the data using @
symbol.
• R0 & R1 are only registers which can hold the 8bit address
for external access(16bit)DPTR is used.
 5.Indexed AM
• It is used widely in accessing data elements of
lookup table in the program ROM space.
 Data Transfer Instructions
• The different instructions of this group are
– MOV
– PUSH
– POP
– XCH
 MOV instruction
• Copies the data source to destination
– Syntax
– MOV dst,src MOVX,MOVC
EX- 1.MOV A,Rn----------(1B,1C)
2.MOV A,direct------(2B,1C)
3.MOV A,@R0---------(1B,1C)
4.MOV A,#data-------(2B,1C)
5.MOV Rn,A-----------(1B,1C)
6.MOV Rn,direct -----(2B,2C)
7.MOV Rn,#data-----(2B,1C)
8.MOV direct,A------(2B,1C)
9.MOV direct,direct-(3B,2C)
10.MOV direct,@Ri---(2B,2C)
11.MOV @Ri,direct--- (2B,1C)
12.MOV c,bit------------ (2B,1C)--------Ex-MOV c,P1.4
13,MOV bit,c------------ (2B,2C) -------Ex-MOV P1.4,c
 PUSH & POP instructions
• PUSH direct address
– SP incremented by 1(SP=07h08h)
– Data pushed on to stack m/m
• POP direct address
– Data popped from stack m/m
– SP decremented by 1(SP=08h07h)
 XCH (Exchange) instruction
1.XCH A,Rn----(1B,1C)
2.XCH A,direct----(2B,1C)
3.XCH A,@Ri----(1B,1C)
4.XCHD A,@Ri----(1B,1C)(exchange Digit/Lower nibble)

A=54 Ri 60 60->46

 Arithmetic Instructions
1.SUB/ADD A,Rn----(1B,1C)
2.SUB/ADD A,direct----(2B,1C)
3.SUB/ADD A,@Ri----(1B,1C)
4. SUB/ADD A,#data----(2B,1C)
5. SUBB/ADDC A,Rn----(1B,1C)
6. SUBB/ADDC A,direct----(2B,1C)
7. SUBB/ADDC A,@Ri----(1B,1C)
8. SUBB/ADDC A,#data----(2B,1C)
Multiplication
• MUL AB---(1B,4C)
(A X B)->B(higher byte) A(Lower byte)
Ex- A=50h,B=A0h
after execution
50 XA0=3200h
B=32h A=00h
Division
Unsigned division
DIV AB-----(1B,4C)
A/B----- A=result ,B=reminder
Ex—
A=35h,B=10h
DIV AB
A=3h,B=5h
Increment & Decrement Operation
1.DEC/INC A----(1B,1C)
2. DEC/INC Rn----(1B,1C)
3. DEC/INC direct----(2B,1C)
4. DEC/INC @Ri----(1B,1C)
5. INC DPTR----(1B,2C)
 DAA
• Decimal Adjust Accumulator after addition
This instruction used to convert the obtained
result to BCD after the addition of 2 BCD
numbers
DAA examples
 Logical Instruction
ANL dst,src---Bitwise Logical ANDing
1.ANL A,Rn----(1B,1C) - no flags affected
2.ANL A,70h---(1B,1C)
3.ANL A,@R1----(1B,1C)
4.ANL direct,A----(2B,1C)
Ex-ANL P1,#01111111B (P1.7 masked)
5. ANL C,bit------(2B,2C) - cy flags affected
6. ANL c,|bit------(2B,2C)
 SWAP
• SWAP A--------(1B,1C)
Swaps lower nibble with higher nibble
 Logical OR operation
ORL dst,src
1. ORL A,Rn----(1B,1C)
2.ORL A,70h---(1B,1C)---No flags affected
3.ORL A,@Ri---(1B,1C)
4.ORL A,#data---(2B,1C)
5.ORL direct,A---(2B,1C)
6.ORL direct,#data---(3B,2C)
7.ORL c,bit---(2B,2C)--- cy flags affected
8.ORL c,|bit---(2B,2C)--cy flags affected
 Logical XOR
1.XRL A,Rn----(1B,1C) - no flags affected
2.XRL A,direct----(2B,1C)
3.XRL A,@Ri----(1B,1C)
4.XRL A,#data----(2B,1C)
5.XRL direct,A----(2B,1C)
6.XRL direct,#data----(3B,2C)
7.XRL A,Rn----(1B,1C)
 Rotate Instructions
1.RL A--(1B,1C) - no flags affected
2.RR A--(1B,1C) - no flags affected
3.RLC A--(1B,1C) - Cy flags affected
3.RRC A--(1B,1C) - Cy flag affected
NOP- -(1B,1C) ---No operation

• This instruction performs no operation &

execution continues with next instruction
• It Only updates PC content
 Boolean Instructions
1 CLR bit-(1B,1C)-----------Clear bit
2.CPL bit-(2B,1C)----Complement bit
3.CPL C---(1B,1C)----Complement carry bit
4.SETB C ---(1B,1C)----Set carry bit

Ex-SETB C

5.SETB bit ---(2B,1C)----Set a bit

Ex-SETB P1.0
SETB P4.6
5.CLR A----(1B,1C)
Clears the accumulator content
Ex-MOV A,#055h
CLR A
A=00H
6.CPL A----(1B,1C)
Complements the accumulator content
Ex-MOV A,#0FFh
CPL A
A=00H
Write an assembly language program to transfer n = 10 bytes of data
from location 8035H to location 8050H (without overlap).
ORG 0000H
SJMP 30H
ORG 30H
MOV DPH, #80H
MOV R0, #35H //source address
MOV R1, #50H //destination address
MOV R3, #0AH //count
BACK: MOV DPL, r0 //get data from source
MOVX A, @dptr
MOV DPL, R1
MOVX @dptr,A //move to destination
INC R0 //increment pointers
INC R1
DJNZ R3, BACK
HERE: SJMP HERE //wait here
END
• Result:
• Before Execution: 10 locations X:8035H are filled up with data.

After Execution: 10 locations X:8050H are filled up with data from

8035H.
 Write an assembly language program to exchange n = 5
bytes of data at location 0027H and at location 0041H.
ORG 0000H
SJMP 30H
ORG 30H
MOV R0, #27H //source1 address
MOV R1, #41H // source2 address
MOV R3, #05H //count
BACK: MOVX A, @r0 //get data from source
MOV r2, A //save it in R2
MOVX A, @r1 //get data from destination
MOVX @r0, A //move it to source
MOV A, r2 //move source data (stored in R2)
MOVX @r1, A //to destination
INC R0 //increment pointers
INC R1
DJNZ R3, BACK //decrement count and repeat
HERE: SJMP HERE //wait here
END
RESULT:
Before Execution: 5 locations at X:0027H & X:0041H are filled up
with data.

After Execution: The data at X:0027H & X:0041H are exchanged.