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Lecture 2 Outline: Announcements

This document outlines a lecture on communication systems. It discusses converting different types of information like analog signals, bits, and text into appropriate formats for transmission. The main components of a communication system block diagram are described, including source encoding, transmission, the channel, reception, and source decoding. Analog vs. digital systems are compared, and Fourier transforms are introduced as a way to represent periodic signals using exponential basis functions. Exponentials are also noted as eigenfunctions of linear time-invariant filters.

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30 views9 pages

Lecture 2 Outline: Announcements

This document outlines a lecture on communication systems. It discusses converting different types of information like analog signals, bits, and text into appropriate formats for transmission. The main components of a communication system block diagram are described, including source encoding, transmission, the channel, reception, and source decoding. Analog vs. digital systems are compared, and Fourier transforms are introduced as a way to represent periodic signals using exponential basis functions. Exponentials are also noted as eigenfunctions of linear time-invariant filters.

Uploaded by

Kidala
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture 2 Outline

 Announcements
 Nolecture Monday
 May change classroom to 320

 Review of Last Lecture


 Communication Systems Info. Transfer
 Communicatoin System Block Diagram
 Fourier Series Transform Pair
 Filtering Exponentials
 Fourier Series Properties
Review of Last Lecture
 Communication systems exchange electronic
multimedia data between different users

 Communication Systems Today


 Public Switched Telephone Network
 Cellular Phones
 Computer networks (LANs, WANs, and the Internet)
 Satellite systems
 Bluetooth

 Focus of this class is on the design and performance of


analog and digital communication systems
Information Representation
 Communication systems convert information into a format appropriate for the
transmission medium.
 Channels convey electromagnetic waves (signals).

 Analog communication systems convert (modulate) analog signals into modulated (analog)
signals

 Digital communication systems covert information in the form of bits into binary/digital
signals
 Types of Information:
 Analog Signals: Voice, Music, Temperature readings
 Analog signals or bits: Video, Images
 Bits: Text, Computer Data
 Analog signals can be converted into bits by quantizing/digitizing
Communication System
Block Diagram
Text
b1b2 ...
Focus of this class bˆ1bˆ2 ...
Images x (t ) xˆ (t )
Video m (t ) mˆ (t )
Source Source
Encoder Transmitter Channel Receiver Decoder

 Source encoder converts message into message signal or bits.

 Transmitter converts message signal or bits into format appropriate for


channel transmission (analog/digital signal).

 Channel introduces distortion, noise, and interference.

 Receiver decodes received signal back to message signal.

 Source decoder decodes message signal back into original message.


Analog vs. Digital Systems
 Analog signals x(t)
 Value varies continuously

t
 Digital signals
 Value limited to a finite set x(t)

Digital systems more robust


 Binary signals t
 Has at most 2 values
 Used to represent bit values x(t) 1 1 1
 Bit time T needed to send 1 bit
 Data rate R=1/T bits per second 0 T 0 0 0

t
Pair
Transform for Periodic Signals

x p (t )   n
c
n  
e j 2nf 0 t

1
 p
 j 2nf 0 t
cn  x ( t ) e dt
T0 T0

|Xp(f)| Xp(f)
|c-2| |c2|
|c-1| |c1| c-1 c2
c - 2 c 1
|c0|  c0

-2f0 -f0 0 f0 2f0 -2f0 -f0 0 f0 2f0

Similar sinusoidal expansion in sin and cos


Filtering and FS Properties
e j 2ft H ( f )e j 2ft

h(t)

x p (t )  c e
n  
n
j 2nt / T0
LTI Filter n
c H ( n / T0 ) e j 2nt / T0

n  

 Exponentials are filter eigenfunctions


 Properties of Fourier Series
 Linearity
 Multiplication
 Time Shifting
 Time Reversal
 Time Scaling
 Conjugation
 Parseval’s Relation
Main Points

 Performance metric for analog systems is fidelity, for


digital it is rate and error probability.

 Data rates over channels with noise have a


fundamental capacity limit.

 Fourier series represents periodic signals in terms of


exponential basis functions

 Exponentials are eigenfunctions of LTI filters


Main Points
 Communication systems modulate analog signals or bits for transmission over
channel.

 The building blocks of a communication system convert information into an electronic


format for transmission, then convert it back to its original format after reception.

 Goal of transmitter (modulator) and receiver (demodulator) is to mitigate


distortion/noise from the channel.
 Digital systems are more robust to noise and interference.
 Fourier series represents periodic signals in terms of exponential basis functions

 Exponentials are eigenfunctions of LTI filters

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