Study Of Bernoulli’s Theorem
W W2 2
W (z1 z2) ( p1 p2) (V2 V1 )
Prof. Deshmukh S. C.
([email protected])
Assistant professor , Deptt of Civil Engineering
Walchand Institute Of Technology Solapur
w w
(www.witsolapur.org)
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Learning Outcomes
At the end of the topic students will be able to
• Calculate total energy at particular section.
• Calculate the loss of head of water.
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Daniel Bernoulli (1700 – 1782)
A Swiss scientist born in 1700’s is most famous for his
work in Fluid Mechanics.
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Types of Energies:
Potential Energy : Potential Energy is the type of energy due
to the property of its state
Kinetic Energy :Kinetic energy is the kind of energy due to
the property of its motion
Pressure Energy : This is due to pressure of liquid and
reckoned as p Where p is pressure and w is specific weight
of water. w
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Total head / energy:
The total head of liquid in motion is the sum of its potential
head kinetic head, and pressure head .
v2 p
Total head, H = z m of water
2g w
2
Total energy, E = z p Nm/ kg of water
v
2g w
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BERNOULLI’S THEOREM
Bernoulli’s theorem which is also known as Bernoulli’s
principle states that sum of the kinetic ( velocity head ),
pressure (static head), potential energy of the fluid at any
point remains constant ,provided that the flow is steady ,
irrotational ,and frictionless and the fluid is
incompressible.
.
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Source : Figure 1 https://www.pumpsandsystems.com/sites/default/files/Figure-2_6.jpg
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Derivation for Bernoulli’s theorem
Consider an ideal incompressible liquid through a non
uniform pipe as shown in fig. Let us consider two sections
LL and MM
Let, p1 = pressure at LL
V1 = velocity of liquid LL
z 1 = height of LL above datum
A 1 = area of pipe at LL and
p2 V z 2 A2 = corresponding values at MM
2
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Figure 1 : Bernoullis Equation
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Let, W = weight of liquid between LL and L' L'
As the flow is continuous,
W wA1.dl1 wA2 .dl2
A1.dl1 A2 .dl2
Work done by pressure at LL ,in moving the liquid to L' L'
= Force x distance = p1 . A1 .dl 1
Similarly work done by pressure at MM in moving the liquid
to M ' M ' p 2. A2 .dl 2
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Total work done by the pressure
p1 . A1dl1 p 2 . A2 dl 2 ( asA 1 dl 1 A2 dl 2 )
p1. A11 dl1 p2 . A1dl1
A1 .dl1 ( p1 p 2 )
W
( p1 p 2 )
w
Loss of potential energy W ( z1 z 2 )
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V22 V12
Gain in kinetic energy W { } W (V22 V12 )
2g 2g 2g
Also, loss of potential energy + work done by pressure
= Gain in kinetic energy
W W
W (z1 z2 ) ( p1 p2 ) (V22 V12 ) or
w w
p1 p2 V22 V12
( z1 z2 ) [ ] [ ] or
w w 2g 2g
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p1 V12 p2 V22
z1 z2
w 2g w 2g
This is a Bernoulli’s Equation
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Question :
1. Define Bernoulli's theorem and write its equation?
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Answer :
Bernoulli’s theorem states that sum of the kinetic
( velocity head ), pressure (static head), potential energy
of the fluid at any point remains constant ,provided that the
flow is steady , irrotational ,and frictionless and the fluid is
incompressible.
p1 V12 p2 V22
z1 z2
w 2g w 2g This is Bernoulli’s equation
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Applications of Bernoulli’s Equation
Venturimeter Orificemeter
Source:https://3.bp.blogspot.com/venturi%2Bmeter.png Source:https://instrumentationtools.com/orifice--transmitter.gif
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Rotameter Pitot tube
Source: http://img./rotameters-10261-9477758.jpg Source: https://2.bp.blogspot.com/single%2Bpitot.png
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Reference Books
1) Modi and Seth, Fluid Mechanics and hydraulic machines,
Rajsons Publications Pvt. Ltd.
2) R. K. Bansal, Fluid Mechanics, Laxmi Publications
3) D. N. Roy, Applied Fluid Mechanics, Jayanti Press
4) R.K. Rajput, Fluid Mechanics,S.chand and company ltd
5) K.Subramanya, Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic Machines,Mcgrow
Hill Education
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Thank You
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