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Ch-2 Instrumentation Types and Characteristics

The document discusses different types of instruments including active vs passive, null vs deflection, analogue vs digital, and smart vs non-smart instruments. It also covers static characteristics such as accuracy, precision, linearity, and hysteresis effects as well as dynamic characteristics describing an instrument's behavior over time in response to changes in the measured quantity. Key differences between instrument types involve the level of measurement resolution that can be obtained.

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M Sehnoon Khan
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105 views11 pages

Ch-2 Instrumentation Types and Characteristics

The document discusses different types of instruments including active vs passive, null vs deflection, analogue vs digital, and smart vs non-smart instruments. It also covers static characteristics such as accuracy, precision, linearity, and hysteresis effects as well as dynamic characteristics describing an instrument's behavior over time in response to changes in the measured quantity. Key differences between instrument types involve the level of measurement resolution that can be obtained.

Uploaded by

M Sehnoon Khan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Haider Ali

Instrument Types and


Performance
2

Instrument Types
Active Instruments Passive Instruments
The quantity being measured simply The instrument output is entirely produced by
modulates (adapts to) the magnitude of some the quantity being measured. (Lower
external power source. (High Resolution) Resolution)
Difference between active & passive instruments is the level of measurement resolution that
can be obtained.
3

Instrument Types
Null Type Instruments Deflection Type Instruments
Weights are added until the piston reaches a The value of the quantity being measured is
datum level, known as the null point. displayed in terms of the amount of deflection
of the pointer.
Instrument Types
4

Analogue Instruments Digital Instruments


An analogue instrument gives an output that A digital instrument has an output that varies
varies continuously as the quantity being in discrete steps and only have a finite number
measured; e.g. Deflection-type of pressure of values; e.g. Revolution Counter
gauge
Instrument Types
5

Smart Instruments Non Smart Instruments


An instrument with a microprocessor to do Instruments without a microprocessor
some operations during and after
measurements

Detail is given in Chapter # 9


6
Static Characteristics
• Accuracy and Precision
• Repeatability/Reproducibility
• Tolerance
• Range or span
• Linearity
• Sensitivity of measurement
• Threshold
• Resolution
• Sensitivity to disturbance
• Hysteresis effects
• Dead space
7
Accuracy vs. Precision
8
Linearity
9
Hysteresis Effect

Dead Space
the range of different input
values over which there is
no change in output value.
10
Dynamic characteristics
• The static characteristics of measuring instruments are
concerned only with the steady state reading that the
instrument settles down to, such as the accuracy of the
reading etc.
• The dynamic characteristics of a measuring instrument
describe its behavior between the time a measured
quantity changes value and the time when the instrument
output attains a steady value in response.
11

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