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ECE305 Chapter-1 12-05-2020

The document introduces control systems and their objectives. It discusses how control systems are designed to achieve a desired purpose through interconnected components. Examples of early control systems from history incorporated feedback, and modern control engineering uses similar strategies to improve manufacturing, energy efficiency, transportation and more.

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anuj jain
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97 views21 pages

ECE305 Chapter-1 12-05-2020

The document introduces control systems and their objectives. It discusses how control systems are designed to achieve a desired purpose through interconnected components. Examples of early control systems from history incorporated feedback, and modern control engineering uses similar strategies to improve manufacturing, energy efficiency, transportation and more.

Uploaded by

anuj jain
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Control Systems

Objectives
In this chapter we describe a general process for designing a control system.

A control system consisting of interconnected components is designed to achieve a


desired purpose.

To understand the purpose of a control system, it is useful to examine examples of


control systems through the course of history. These early systems incorporated
many of the same ideas of feedback that are in use today.

Modern control engineering practice includes the use of control design strategies for
improving manufacturing processes, the efficiency of energy use, advanced
automobile control, including rapid transit, among others.

Illustrations
Introduction

System – An interconnection of elements and devices for a desired purpose.

Control System – An interconnection of components forming a system


configuration that will provide a desired response.

Process – The device, plant, or system


under control. The input and output
relationship represents the cause-and-
effect relationship of the process.

Illustrations
Introduction
Open-Loop Control Systems
utilize a controller or control
actuator to obtain the desired
response.

Closed-Loop Control
Systems utilizes feedback to
compare the actual output to
the desired output response.

Multivariable Control System

Illustrations
History

Watt’s Flyball Governor


(18th century)
Illustrations
History

Water-level float regulator(1765)

Illustrations
Plant
Transduce
r
Controller
Amplifier
Illustrations 
Error Detector

Ref Output
Amplifier Controller Actuator Plant

Feedback

Basic Block diagram

Illustrations
Liquid Level
Temperature

Position

Speed

Illustrations
valve Controller

Inflow
---------------------
---
---------------------
---------------------
---------------------
---------------------

Outflow

Liquid – level control system


Illustrations
Desired
level Pneumatic Water
Controller valve tank

Float

Block diagram
Illustrations
Manual
feedback control
of
a thermal
Illustrations
system
Steam

Hot
water

Cold R

water

Illustrations
Drain
Automatic
feedback control
of
a thermal system
Illustrations
Temperatur
measuring
e device
Automatic Hot
water
controller
Control
valve
Steam R

Cold
water Drain
Illustrations
Actual path
of movement Prescribed path
output reference input

Starting Point
Illustrations
Projected
position

Lead

angle antenna
Radar &
Power computer circuits
amplifier Antiaircraft
gun

Drive motor
Illustrations Actuating
Illustrations
Examples of Modern Control Systems

Illustrations
The Future of Control Systems

Illustrations
The Future of Control Systems

Illustrations
Control System Design

Illustrations

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