Scribd
Upload
167 views38 pages

Abortion and Miscarriage

1) A threatened abortion occurs when pregnancy is complicated by vaginal bleeding before 20 weeks but the embryo is viable and cervix is closed. 2) A complete abortion occurs when all pregnancy tissues are expelled and the embryo is dead, with mild bleeding and dilated cervix. 3) The difference between miscarriage and abortion is that miscarriage is a spontaneous termination of pregnancy without medical intervention, while abortion is an elective termination performed medically or surgically.

Uploaded by

Jane Ann Alolod
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
167 views38 pages

Abortion and Miscarriage

1) A threatened abortion occurs when pregnancy is complicated by vaginal bleeding before 20 weeks but the embryo is viable and cervix is closed. 2) A complete abortion occurs when all pregnancy tissues are expelled and the embryo is dead, with mild bleeding and dilated cervix. 3) The difference between miscarriage and abortion is that miscarriage is a spontaneous termination of pregnancy without medical intervention, while abortion is an elective termination performed medically or surgically.

Uploaded by

Jane Ann Alolod
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 38

ABORTION

and
MISCARRIAGE

Christine Ann E. Gabucan


BSN II-B
February 26,2020
Types
of
Abortion
Threatened Abortion
Is used when pregnancy is complicated by
vaginal bleeding before the 20th week. The
embryo is already viable. The products of
conception are still intact and the cervix is
closed.
Inevitable/Imminent Abortion
The embryo is dead with the product of
conception either intact or expelled. The
cervix is already dilated, there is presence
of vaginal bleeding
Complete Abortion
All products of conception are expelled and
the embryo is dead. The cervix is dilated,
and there is mild bleeding.
Incomplete Abortion
The embryo is dead but some products of
conception are still intact. The cervix is
already dilated and there is severe vaginal
bleeding.
Missed Abortion
The embryo is already dead inside the
uterus. The products of conception are still
intact and the cervix is closed. There are
brown vaginal discharges are present.
Recurrent/Habitual Abortion
Abortion becomes recurrent once a woman
has had three consecutive miscarriages at
the same gestational age.
Question:
What type of abortion when all products
of conception are expelled and the embryo
is dead?

Complete Abortion
Types of Miscarriage
 
Threatened Miscarriage

Vaginal bleeding can be experienced with


cramps. Yet, the cervix stays closed with
more than one half instances surviving the
pregnancy with the bleeding stopping after
some time.
Inevitable Miscarriage
Bleeding increases with this and the cervix
actually opens giving way to the fetus to
escape. There is no chance of pregnancy
surviving after this happens
Incomplete Miscarriage
Some part of pregnancy tissues escapes out
of the uterus. Some part may still be in the
uterus but would be incomplete to complete
the development. A miscarriage treatment
to follow up removing the remaining part
can be required.
Complete Miscarriage
All of pregnancy tissues come out of the uterus.
There is no treatment required and for the next
pregnancy, you can get medications that will
make your pregnancy stronger.
Missed Miscarriage
There may not be any cramps or bleeding. The
embryo will be shown with no heartbeat in the
ultrasound or the pregnancy sac will be without
an embryo to start with. You can need treatment
for this after it happens but usually all of the
tissue passes.
Question:
What type of miscarriage when cervix
stays closed with more than one half
instances surviving the pregnancy with the
bleeding stopping after some time?

Threatened Miscarriage
Difference Between
Miscarriage and
Abortion
A miscarriage is a natural or spontaneous
termination of a pregnancy, meaning the body
expels the pregnancy on its own without the aid
of medicine or a surgical procedure. An abortion
is an elective termination of an undesired
pregnancy, either with medical or surgical
procedure.
Question:
In your own understanding, what is the
difference between Miscarriage and
Abortion?
Nursing Management
• If bleeding is profuse, place the woman
flat in bed on her side and monitor uterine
contractions and fetal heart rate through
an external monitor.
• Also measure intake and output to
establish renal function and assess the
woman’s vital signs to establish maternal
response to blood loss.
• Measure maternal blood loss by saving
and weighing the used pads.
• Save any tissue found in the pads because
this might be a part of the products of
conception.
Medical Management
• Administration of Intravenous Fluid.
Such as Lactated Ringer’s, IV therapy
should be anticipated by the nurse as well
as administration of oxygen regulated at
6-10L/min by a face mask to replace
intravascular fluid loss and provide
adequate fetal oxygenation.
• Blood transfusion. If there are concerns
about significant blood loss, then the
patient may need to stay for 24 hour
observation and receive blood
transfusion.
• Mifepristone and Misoprostol. These
medications are more effective diagnosed
with incomplete or investable abortion
and especially in those with symptoms
such as cramping and bleeding.
Surgical Management
• Dilatation and Evacuation. This is to
make sure that all products of conception
would be removed from the uterus.
However, before undergoing this
intervention the physician must be sure
that there is no fetal heart sound could be
heard anymore and the ultrasound must
show an empty uterus.
• Dilation and Curettage. This is most
commonly performed for incomplete
abortions to remove the remaining
products of conception from the uterus.
Since the uterus would not be able to
contract effectively, the contents might be
trapped inside and could cause bleeding
and infection.
Blood Loss
and
Hypovolemic Shock
Bleeding is often the first sign that the abortion
has begun. If the abortion continues, bleeding
and cramps become more severe. Bleeding is
often heavier than a normal menstruation and
there can be clots. The longer the pregnancy has
develop, the heavier the cramps and the bleeding
will be. If the abortion is complete the bleeding
and the cramps diminished. The moment of
abortion can be notice with a peak of heavier
blood loss and more pain and cramps.
When you lose blood or other fluids from your
body, the amount of blood left circulating,
known as your blood volume, is less.
Hypovolemic shock happens when a sudden and
significant loss of blood or body fluids drops
your blood volume. It's always considered a life-
threatening emergency.
Disseminated Intravascular
Coagulation
• Disseminated intravascular coagulation
(DIC) is a life threatening condition
characterized by systemic activation of
pathways regulating coagulation, which can
lead to fibrin clots that may cause organ failure
and the concomitant consumption of platelets
and coagulation factors with clinical bleeding.
• The excessive clotting isstimulated by a
substance that enters the blood as part of a
disease (such as an infection or certain
cancers) or as a complication of childbirth,
retention of a dead fetus, or surgery.
• When you are injured, proteins in the blood
that form blood clots travel to the injury site
to help stop bleeding. If these proteins
become abnormally active throughout the
body, you could develop DIC. The underlying
cause is usually due to inflammation,
infection, or cancer.
• Abortion can cause infection and is called
Septic abortion. A septic abortion is
an infection of the placenta and fetus
(products of conception) of a pre viable
pregnancy. Infection is centered in the
placenta and there is risk of spreading to
the uterus, causing pelvic infection or
becoming systemic to cause sepsis and
potential damage of distant vital organs
SOURCES:
• https://
www.womenonweb.org/en/page/484/when-
will-you-start-bleeding-and-how-long-will-it-la
st
• SlideShare.com
• https://safe2choose.org/frequently-asked-que
stions/abortion/difference-between-a-miscarri
age-and-an-abortion/?fbclid=IwAR2Grir_pw0k
V873H3OPaJqRvKQaAhaEylseYfQV8RXs4q-SxU
RPCD9poJE
• https://nurseslabs.com/abortion/?fbclid=IwAR
1Esfrt_IbzSVzSRAYXY1svTO2coPkGil4wPj45ifq

You might also like