K. L. E.

Society’s
K. L. E. Institute of Technology, Hubballi - 580 030
Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering

A
PRESENTATION ON
“INTERNSHIP UNDER SOUTH WESTERN
RAILWAY,HUBBALLI”
By
Name USN
Anurag.S.Telgar 2KE16EE004
Mohammad Hashmi.U.Mirajkar 2KE16EE013
Preeti.V.Khajji 2KE16EE020
Rakshita.S.Ramangoudra 2KE16EE025
Ramya.L.Patgar 2KE16EE026
Sana.M.Mujahid 2KE16EE030
Shalini.V.Dubey 2KE16EE036
Shreya.G.Agali 2KE16EE041
Shruthi.N.Mudaliar 2KE16EE042
Sujay.S.Mudhole 2KE16EE047
Suraj.V.Merwade 2KE16EE048
Under the guidance of 1
Mr.Mallikarjun.G.Hudedmani

Date:02/05/2020
Introduction to Indian Railways

Fourth largest railway network

I
N 1,21,407 kilometers of total track
D
I
57% of routes are electrified with 25kV AC electric traction
A
N
33% are double or multi-tracked
R
A
8000-8500 stations all over the country
I
L
W Trains have 5-digit numbering system
A
Y
runs more than 20,000 passenger trains daily
S

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Indian Railways have 46,038 various types of coaches (excluding EMUs and MEMU
coaches) and around 3000 of new coaches are being added annually to the system

There are two classes of the coaches called

conventional
LHB

There are three power supply systems as existing over Indian Railways to provide
illumination, fan, air-conditioning and other miscellaneous needs of electricity for
travelling passengers. They are:
Self Generating (SG):2×25 kW alternators for AC coach and 1×4.5 kW for non-AC
coach is mounted underslung, driven by a pulley-belt arrangement when driving pulley
is mounted on coach axle. Output is rectified and charges 110V DC battery for
continuous power supply to AC and non-AC coaches.
End-on-Generation (EOG):Two power cars each equipped with 2×750 kVA DG
sets, one at each end of the train, supplies 3 phase power at 750 V AC power to each
electrically interconnected air conditioned coach. The voltage is stepped down to 3
phase 400 V and supplied to standard voltage equipment on each coach.

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Head-on-Generation (HOG):Power is supplied from the train locomotive at the
head of the train. The single phase 25 kV transformer of the electric locomotive is
provided with hotel load winding which is converted to three phase AC at 750 V
using 2×500 kVA inverter and supplied to the same system as that of EOG.

Introduction to Hubballi workshop

The Hubballi workshop thus forms the backbone of SWR for
maintenance and repair activities of rolling stock and its components

Carriage and repair has various sections as mentioned below.

1.Power house
2.HT incoming workshop
3.AC Generator
4.Substation
5. Battery section
6. MEMU and LHB
7. Regulator rectifier unit
8. Fan section
9. Lightning section
10.Diesel generator set
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1. Power house
•The 11000V HT supply is given to the Power House of Railway Workshop
through over head lines from the Hescom (KEB).
•From power house the 11KV supply distributed to the all sections of the Railway
Workshop, here step down transformer is used from where it is step down from
11KV to 440V and given to section users.
•In the power house 500KVA power is generated, here 2 generators are used for
500KVA capacity. The both generators are used for load shedding of distributor, 2
Air Circuit Breaker (ACB) are used for 2 Generators.

The Main components used in power house are:

•Air circuit breaker
•Current transformer
•Potential transformer.

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2.H.T Incoming Workshop
The HT incoming workshop is used for distribution of the supply to the all sections of
the workshop.

The rating of the HT workshop is

•Current ratio is – 200/5A
•Plug setting is - 50%
• Trip current is – 100Amps.
If the current increases more than the trip current value the HT incoming
workshop machine will trip and total Workshop supply will stop. The whole supply
of the workshop is depends on HT incoming workshop.
here HT bus coupler is used

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3. AC Generator
In power house 2 generators are used of 500 KVA. Both generators are used for
load shedding of distributor. In South Western Railways (SWR) power house
the Generators are used since from 29/10/1987 and still in the running condition
Name plate details of AC Generator
• Ratings in KW – 400 KW.
• Ratings in KVA – 505 KVA.
• Power Factor (PF) – 0.8 PF.
• Alternator rotation in RPM – 1500 RPM.
• Phase – 3 Phases.
• Current – 702A.
• Voltage – 415/240V.
• Winding – 311.
• Winding Connection – STAR.
• Temperature – 40 C.
• Excitation Volts – 48.5V.
• Excitation Ampere – 1.8A.

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4. Substation
It includes as follows:
1. General maintenance
2. HT structure and OH switch gears
3. UG cables (HT and LT)
4. Transformers
5. Switch gears
6. Station battery and battery charger
7. Protective devices
8. Metering equipments
9. Earthing arrangements
10.Safety gadgets

Protective devices
1. Attention to CTs and PTs
(Cleaning/Connections/Continuity/IR value)
2. Cleaning of relay contacts
3. Lubrication of moving parts
4. Tight all electrical connections
5. Test and calibrate all relays periodically and keep a 8
record of these results.
 
 
5. Battery Section

Lead-acid cells-train lightning section

The batteries which is used for AC coaches is called ‘VRLA’
The battery which is used for non AC coaches is called ‘LMLA’.

VRLA(valve LMLA(is low

regulated lead acid maintenance lead
batteries) acid battery)

1.Each cell is 2
volts. 1.Each cell is
6volts.

2.The AH of VRLA
batteries is 2.The AH of the
1100AH LMLA batteries is
120AH.
3.The generated
standard voltage 3.It requires 18
from the cells, each of 6V
regulator is 110V which is nearly
108V
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4.VRLA batteries
which can nearly
store 112V
6.MEMU(Mainline Electric Multiple Unit)

Block diagram of MEMU

Linke Hoffman Busch (LHB)

•End on generation Capacity: 72 passengers, 3 tier Ac Cost efficient

•Stainless steel used Low maintenance Fiber reinforced panels(FRP)
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•Cooler or heater Ac: 2 AC chair car, dulex chair No fans
 
7. Regulator – rectifier unit

The regulator rectifier unit has mainly following functions.

• Rectifying the 3phase AC output of the alternator to DC using
full wave rectifier bridge.
• Regulating the voltage generated by the alternator at the set
value.
• Regulating the output current of the set value.
A. Power rectifier
B. Voltage regulator
C. Excitation transformer
D. Voltage rectifier
E. Magnetic amplifier
F. Field rectifier unit
G. Free wheeling Diode
H. Rectifier bridge
I. Current regulator
J. Current V/s voltage
characteristics
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 8. Fan Section
400mm, 300mm and 200mm sweep carriage fans are used in Indian Railways in SG,
MOG and EOG coaches where the system voltage could be DC 110V or AC 110V.

Specifications
Railway carriage fans are either of the fixed or swivelling type and conform to
specifications IS:6680.
Performance requirements of these fans are as follows:

REQUIREMENTS DC FAN SIZES AC FAN SIZES

400mm 300mm 200mm 400mm 300mm 200mm
Minimum air in m3/min 50 37 20 65 30 14
Maximum electrical 35 29 18 60 40 28
power
input in Watts
Maximum weight in kg 15 14.5 10 15 14.5 10

Safety Aspects
•The fan shall be provided with a close mesh guard for protection for users against
injuries, as specified in IS:6680.
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•To prevent an earth fault in the coach, fans are insulated from the coach body by
providing an insulating pad while fixing (RDSO SKEL 3838).
9. Lighting Section
Level of illumination
The level of illumination to be attained in various types of coaches shall be as follows:

Class of coach Minimum illumination level

First class 30 Lx
60 Lx
Second class 16 Lx
40 Lx
Postal 40 Lx
Dining / Pantry 30 Lx
Lavatories corridor in first class 16 Lx
Lavatories corridor in other class 11 Lx

Wattage of lamps
The wattages of incandescent and fluorescent lamps to be used in various classes of compartment are as under:

Ceiling light fittings in I, II, III AC, II 18W, 2 ft long fluorescent lamps with
sleeper, postal vans and dining cars on inverters
DC 110V system
Do on AC: MOG system in I and II class 18W fluorescent lamps with inverters
Do in I class, II class and during cars on 2 ft 18W twin-tube fluorescent with inverters
DC: 110V system including lavatory
corridors and passages
Ceiling light fittings in II class lavatories 18W fluorescent lamps with inverters
and passages of all coaches and reading
lights in I class working on: 110V
Reading light fittings in I and II AC 15W Pygmy incandescent lamps (halogen 13
coaches working on DC: 110V lamps used in LHB coaches)
Night light fittings with blue globes in all 15W Pygmy incandescent lamps
coaches working on DC: 110V
10. Diesel generator set
 
• The Diesel Generator set (diesel engine driven generating set) is a compact and robust machine in
which mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy. It uses high speed diesel oil and
works on diesel cycle. In this system the air is drawn into the cylinder and compressed to a high
ratio (14:1 to 25:1). During this compression, the air is heated to a temperature of 700 – 900 deg.
• A metered quantity of diesel fuel is then injected into the cylinder, which ignites spontaneously
because of the high temperature of compressed air. The diesel is injected through injector in the
chamber. Hence, the diesel engine is also known as compression ignition (CI) engine. An
alternator is coupled with the diesel engine and the kinetic energy of engine is transmitted to
alternator and converted into electrical energy. Alternator works on the Faraday’s law of
electromagnetic induction. This electrical energy is then fed to the load.
• DG set can be classified according to cycle type as: two strokes and four strokes. However, the
commonly used diesel engines use the four stroke cycle

Various parts of dg set:

•  Diesel Generator set consists mainly following parts/assemblies:
• Diesel Engine
• Alternator
• Fuel Tank
• Auxiliary Alternator
• Starter Motor
• Battery
• Control Panel
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• Acoustic Enclosure (Canopy)
A CASE STUDY AND IMPLEMENTATION OF GSM CONTROLLED
REMOTE SWITCH TO OPERATE SOLAR AND D-G SUPPLY
SYSTEM

PRESENT SENERIO :
• The system in Railways workshop are powered by
1. Hescom pvt limited
2. Diesel Generator
3. Five individual sets of Solar panels.

• There were 5 solar panel installed at different location in SWR . When the
power supply is cut then D-G set (500W) should be turned ON and if the
solar panel (each of 250W) is also ON simultaneously with the D-G set
then there will damage to the D-G set.
• So each time when the power supply is cut ,five workman should be
present to switch off the supply from the solar panel.
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 PROBLEM STATEMENT AND OBJECTIVE

1. PROBLEM STATEMENT

• Automatic remote switching systems for solar D-G sets with

feedback signal.

2. OBJECTIVE

• To operate the switching ON/OFF of solar panel by remote

controlled GSM900A by operating a relay to serve the purpose.

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 COMPONENTS USED

1. ARDUINO UNO
The Arduino UNO is a widely used open-source microcontroller board.The board
features 14 Digital pins and 6 Analog pins. It can be powered by an external 9-volt
battery, though it accepts voltages between 7 and 20 volts. 

2. GSM 900A
Featuring an industry-standard interface, the SIM900A delivers GSM/GPRS
900/1800MHz performance for voice, SMS, Data, and Fax in a small form factor and
with low power consumption. With a tiny configuration of 24mm x 24mm x 3 mm,
SIM900A can fit almost all the space requirements in your applications .

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Fig 1., Arduino UNO Fig 2., GSM 900A

CONTI…
3. Relay
The Single Relay Board can be used to turn lights, fans and other devices on/off while
keeping them isolated from your microcontroller. The Single Relay Board allows you
to control high-power devices (up to 10 A) via the on-board relay. Control of the relay
is provided via a 1 x 3 header – friendly to servo cables and convenient to connect to
many development boards.

4. AC Contactor
A contactor has three components. The contacts are the current carrying part of the
contactor. This includes power contacts, auxiliary contacts, and contact springs. The
electromagnet (or "coil") provides the driving force to close the contacts. The enclosure
is a frame housing the contacts and the electromagnet.

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Fig 3., Relay Fig 4., A C Contactor

 BLINK SOFTWARE
 There are three major components in the platform:
 Blynk App - allows to you create amazing interfaces for your projects using
various widgets we provide.
 Blynk Server - responsible for all the communications between the smartphone
and hardware. You can use our Blynk Cloud or run your private blynk server
locally. It’s open-source, could easily handle thousands of devices and can even
be launched on a Raspberry Pi.
 Blynk Libraries - for all the popular hardware platforms - enable
communication with the server and process all the incoming and outcoming
commands.
 Some examples of Libraries are: #include <TinyGsmClient.h>,
#include<BlynkSimpleTinyGSM.h>,#include<SoftwareSerial.h>,
#define TINY_GSM_MODEM_SIM900.

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PROPOSED MODEL

AC
CONTACTOR

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Fig ., Circuit diagram

PROPOSED MODEL

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CONTI…

Fig A., Solar panel, SWR Fig B ., The two coils to which the model
is installed , SWR

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FLOWCHART

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 ADVANTAGES AND FUTURE SCOPE

1. ADVANTAGES
 Easy and fast operation

 Secure operation

 No maintenance

 Labour cost is reduced due to remote operation

2 FUTURE SCOPE
We have installed two models in SWR and Three more
models are yet to be developed such that all the 5 solar
panel set should be automatically switched.

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 CONCLUSION
• By using GSM, Blink software and other components automatic switching ON/OFF of the
solar panel by the remote controlled GSM 900A has been done successfully and installed.
• And thus the man can automatically control the solar panel switching with only one click
in Blynk app.
• As we have learnt so man things by going to internship we thanks our faculties and
railways staff for helping us build our skill and knowledge.

REFERENCE
[1] Mohd Shahir Mohamad Suhaimi (2007). “Home Security with
Messaging System” University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia: Thesis
Sarjana Muda. Ed. John Wiley.
[2] Tan, H.G.R. Lee, C.H.R. Mok, V.H. (2015). “Automatic Power Meter
Reading System using GSM Network.” In Proceeding on Power
Engineering Conference 2007. 3-6 Dec 2015, Kuala Lumpur, pp. 465-
469.
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THANK YOU

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