Propaganda and The Katipunan

PROPAGANDA AND
THE KATIPUNAN
By: Ken
PROPAGANDA
Propaganda
■Composed mainly of Illustrados

■Used their intelligence, and not force,
to advocate reforms
■They used their pen to inform the king
of Spain of their requests
■They used pseudonyms or aliases to
avoid being caught by the Spaniards
Examples of Pseudonyms
■Del Pilar used “Plaridel”

■Jose Rizal used “Laong-Laan” and
“Dimasalang”
■Antonio Luna used “Taga-Ilog”
■Mariano Ponce used “Tikbalang”,
“Naning”, and “Kalipulako”
La Solidaridad
■Founded in Barcelona, Spain

1889
■The official newspaper of the
Propaganda Movement
■Was published twice a month
Asociacion Hispano-Filipina
■ In 1889, a group of Spanish and Filipinos

organized the Asociacion Hispano-Filipina in
Madrid, Spain.
■ Some of the reforms advocated by the association
were:
– The teaching of Spanish language in all schools
in the Philippines
– Establishment of civil registries and registries
of deeds
– End the practice of inhumane treatment to
La Liga Filipina
■In 1892, Jose Rizal founded another

association in Tondo, Manila, called the La
Liga Filipina.
– Unify the entire country
– Extend help to one another in times in
times of need and in every advocacy
– Protect everyone from violence and
injustice
– Improve education, agriculture, and
Propaganda
■ Although the organization had peaceful objectives, the

Spaniards considered it a threat to the colonial
government, which was reason enough for them to arrest
Rizal and deport him to Dapitan
■ The propaganda movement was not successful in its
request for reforms. There were three main factors for its
failure:
– Spain had internal problems
– The Movement lacked funds
– There was an internal strife among the propagandists
Although the Movement failed it awakened a deep
THE KATIPUTAN
■ On the evening of July 7, 1892, a group of Filipinos
that included Andres Bonifacio, Teodoro Plata,
Deodato Arellano, Ladislao Diwa, and Valentin
Diaz, gathered in a residential house along 72
Azcarraga Street in Tondo, Manila. Here, they
established a street organization which their
primary objective was to obtain freedom for the
Philippines from the sppaniards. This group was
called Kataastaasan Kagalanggalang na
Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan or the
Katipunan.
Katipunan
■There were three main objectives

in establishing the Katipunan
– Political
– Moral
– Civic
The Katipunan had several
Objectives
Structure of the Katipunan
■The members of Katipunan were divided

into three levels
– Katipon
■Code: Anak ng Bayan
– Kawal
■Code: GomBurZa
– Bayani
■Code: Rizal
Structure of the Katipunan
■ The Katipunan was governed by three councils

– Sangguniang Balangay (popular council)
■ Governed barangays and municipalities
– Sangguniang Bayan (provincial council)
■ Supervised the provinces
– Kataastaasang Sanggunian (supreme council)
■ Presided over the whole state and included
the president, treasurer, secretary, and
judiciary
Structure of Katipunan
■ President
– Andres Bonifacio
■ Secretary of State
– Emilio Jacinto
■ Secretary of War
– Teodoro Plata
■ Secretary of Justice
– Briccio Pantas
■ Secretary of Treasury
– Enrique Pacheco
■ Secretary of Interior
– Aguedo del Rosario
Women of the Katipunan
■ At first, only the wives, sisters, and daughters of the

members of the Katipunan were allowed to join.
■ The women were entrusted with the duty of securing
important documents of the organization. They were also
tasked to deliver news and messages to the Katipuneros and
to see to it that the meetings of the Katipuneros were not
disturbed.
■ When the revolution broke out, there were some women
Katipuneros who helped, fought, and died in battle.
■ There were several women who took care of the Katipuneros
who ere wounded in battle. They include Melchora Aquino,
famously known as “Tandang Sora” and Trinidad Tecson, who
The Discovery of the Katipunan
■ On August 19, 1986, the Katipunan was discovered by

the Spaniards
– This occurred because of the conflict between
Apolonia dela Cruz and Teodoro Patino, who were
both members of the Katipunan. As revnge Patino
revealed to Honoria the existence of the Katipunan.
Honoria told the mother superior. Through the
Encouragement of the mother superior, Patino
confessed the truth of the Katipunan to Father
Mariano Gil.
■ The Spanish soldiers attacked the Diaro de Manila
■In a meeting held in Pugadlawin
on August 23, 1896, the remaining
members of the Katipunan decided
that it was time to begin the
revolution. The Katipuneros tore
their cedulas , shouting “Long live
Philippine Independence!” This
signaled the start of the Philippine
revolution
The Philippine Revolution
Erupted
■ The fist severe encounter happened when Bonifacio and the
other members of the Katipunan attacked a gunpowder
factory in San Jose del Monteon August 30, 1896.
Unfortunately Bonifacio and his men lost this battle.
■ Meanwhile in Cavite, Emilio Aguinaldo, Artemio Ricardo, and
Tomas Mascardo spearheaded the revolution. They were
victorious against the Spaniards in Imus, Novelta, and
Binakayan.
■ In Nueva Ecija, Mariano Llanera attacked the garrison of the
Spaniards of Cabiao.
The Imus Convention
■ Even before the revolution erupted, the Katipunan

was already divided into two factions- the Magdalo
and then Magdiwang. The Magdalo was headed by
Baldormero Aguinaldo. On the other hand, the
Magdiwang was led by Mariano Alvarez.
■ In order to resolve the conflict between the two
factions, a convention was held at Imus on
December 31, 1896.
■ After the discovery of the Katipunan, the Magdalo
was strongly convinced that the Katipunan needed
a new leadership that would be able to answer the
The Tejeros Convention
■ Another convention was held on March 22, 1897 in Tejeros, Cavite.

■ An Election was held and the following were elected
– President: Emilio Aguinaldo
– Vice President: Mariano Trias
– Captain-General: Artemio Ricarte
– Director of War: Emilio Riego de Dios
– Director of the Interior: Andres Bonifacio
■ Daniel Tirona objected to the election of Bonifacio as the Director of
interior because Bonifacio was not a lawyer.
The Trial and Execution of the
Bonifacio Brothers
■ Bonifacio and the Magdiwang gathered in Naic, Cavite. There
they signed the Naic Military Agreement that established an
autonomous and separate government from the government
headed by Aguinaldo.
■ This intensified the conflict between Aguinaldo and
Bonifacio. Aguinaldo ordered the arrest of the Bonifacio
brothers. In the ensuing counter, Ciriaco Bonifacio was killed
whereas both Andres and Procopio, both wounded, were
arrested.
■ The Bonifacio brothers were tried by the Council of War from
April 29 until May 7, 1897, and were sentenced to executed
for the crimes treason and sedition.
The Establishment of Biak-Na-
Bato Republic
■With the death of Bonifacio, Aguinaldo
headed the Philippine Revolution. He
proceeded to Bulacan where he
assumed the position as president. A
constitution based on the constitution
of Cuba, was formulated by Felix Ferrer
and Isabelo Artacho- the Constitution
of Biak-na-Bato
End.

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PROPAGANDA AND

■Composed mainly of Illustrados

■Del Pilar used “Plaridel”

■Founded in Barcelona, Spain

■ In 1889, a group of Spanish and Filipinos

■In 1892, Jose Rizal founded another

■ Although the organization had peaceful objectives, the

■There were three main objectives

■The members of Katipunan were divided

■ The Katipunan was governed by three councils

■ At first, only the wives, sisters, and daughters of the

■ On August 19, 1986, the Katipunan was discovered by

■ Even before the revolution erupted, the Katipunan

■ Another convention was held on March 22, 1897 in Tejeros, Cavite.

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