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    Curve Fitting: Instructor: Dr. Aysar Yasin Dep. of Energy and Env. Engineering

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    Ameer Alfuqaha
    This document provides an introduction to curve fitting. It discusses two general approaches: least-squares regression, which derives a single curve to describe trends in data that has errors, and interpolation, which fits curves through each data point for precise data. It then focuses on using least-squares regression to fit a straight line to data, including finding the slope and intercept through minimizing the sum of the squared residuals and calculating the coefficient of determination. Two examples are shown to demonstrate fitting a line to sets of x and y data values.

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    Curve Fitting: Instructor: Dr. Aysar Yasin Dep. of Energy and Env. Engineering

    Uploaded by

    Ameer Alfuqaha
    31 views18 pages
    This document provides an introduction to curve fitting. It discusses two general approaches: least-squares regression, which derives a single curve to describe trends in data that has errors, and interpolation, which fits curves through each data point for precise data. It then focuses on using least-squares regression to fit a straight line to data, including finding the slope and intercept through minimizing the sum of the squared residuals and calculating the coefficient of determination. Two examples are shown to demonstrate fitting a line to sets of x and y data values.

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    linear regression.pptx

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    This document provides an introduction to curve fitting. It discusses two general approaches: least-squares regression, which derives a single curve to describe trends in data that has errors, and interpolation, which fits curves through each data point for precise data. It then focuses on using least-squares regression to fit a straight line to data, including finding the slope and intercept through minimizing the sum of the squared residuals and calculating the coefficient of determination. Two examples are shown to demonstrate fitting a line to sets of x and y data values.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    31 views18 pages

    Curve Fitting: Instructor: Dr. Aysar Yasin Dep. of Energy and Env. Engineering

    Uploaded by

    Ameer Alfuqaha
    This document provides an introduction to curve fitting. It discusses two general approaches: least-squares regression, which derives a single curve to describe trends in data that has errors, and interpolation, which fits curves through each data point for precise data. It then focuses on using least-squares regression to fit a straight line to data, including finding the slope and intercept through minimizing the sum of the squared residuals and calculating the coefficient of determination. Two examples are shown to demonstrate fitting a line to sets of x and y data values.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 18

    Curve Fitting

    Instructor: Dr. Aysar Yasin

    Dep. Of Energy and Env. Engineering


    Curve Fitting
    Introduction
    ? What is Curve Fitting
    !!!General Approaches of Curve Fittings
    Least-squares Regression : derive a single .1
    .curve to describe a general trend of the data
    )data exhibit significant degree of errors(
    Interpolation: Fitting a curve or series of .2
    curves that pass directly through each of the
    .points
    )Precise Data(
    Curve Fitting
    Introduction
    Non computer method for curve fitting, but this is dependent to-
    .subjective viewpoint of the person sketching the curve

    Curves are used to capture General upward trend


    The meanderings suggested Of the data with a
    By the data straight line
    Curve Fitting
    Orientation
    Least Square Regression
    Linear Regression
    :Mathematical expression of a straight line
    y x
    y=a0+a1x+e
        a1- slope
        a0- intercept
       

    e= y-a0-a1x
    e- error, or residual, between the model and the
    observations
    Eng. Muhannad Al-Jabi
    Best strategy is to minimize the sum of the •
    squares of the residuals between the measured
    :y and the y calculated with the linear model
    n n n
    S r   ei2   ( yi , measured  yi , model) 2   ( yi  a0  a1 xi ) 2
    i 1 i 1 i 1

    .Yields a unique line for a given set of data •


    We need to study techniques to find the constants

    Eng. Muhannad Al-Jabi


    /Least-Squares Fit of a Straight Line
    To find the values of constants we need to differentiate Sr with respect to each coefficient

    S r
     2 ( yi  ao  a1 xi )  0
    ao
    S r
     2  ( yi  ao  a1 xi ) xi   0
    a1
    0   yi   a 0   a1 xi
    0   yi xi   a 0 xi   a1 xi2

    Eng. Muhannad Al-Jabi


    /Least-Squares Fit of a Straight Line

    a 0  na0 Normal equations, can be


    na0    xi  a1   yi solved simultaneously

    n xi yi   xi  yi
    a1 
    n x    xi 
    2 2
    i Mean values
    a0  y  a1 x

    Eng. Muhannad Al-Jabi


    Goodness” of our fit“
    If
    Total sum of the squares around the mean for the dependent •
      ( yi  y ) 2 variable, y, is St
    Sum of the squares of residuals around the regression line is Sr •
    St-Sr quantifies the improvement or error reduction due to •
    describing data in terms of a straight line rather than as an
    .average value
    St  S r
    r 
    2

    St r2-coefficient of determination
    r– correlation coefficient

    Eng. Muhannad Al-Jabi


    For a perfect fit •
    Sr=0 and r=r2=1, signifying that the line explains
    .100 percent of the variability of the data
    For r=r2=0, Sr=St, the fit represents no •
    .improvement

    Eng. Muhannad Al-Jabi


    Example
    Fit a straight line to the following values of x •
    .and y
    X y
    1 0.5
    2 2.5
    3 2
    4 4
    5 3.5
    6 6
    7 5.5

    Eng. Muhannad Al-Jabi


    Solution
    x y X2 x*y

    n xi yi   xi  yi
    1 0.5 1 0.5
    a1  2 2.5
    n x    xi 
    2 4 5
    2
    i 3 2 9 6
    4 4
    a0  y  a1 x 16 16
    5 3.5 25 17.5
    6 6 36 36
    7 5.5 49 38.5
    28 24 140 119.5
    4 3.428

    7(119.5)  28(24)
    a1   0.8392
    7(140)  (28) 2

    a0  3.428  0.8392(4)  0.071428


    Eng. Muhannad Al-Jabi
    Calculate Sr
    Calculate Sr for the previous example •
    X y 2
    )yi-0.0714-0.8392xi(
    1 0.5 0.168686
    2 2.5 0.5625
    3 2 0.347258
    4 4 0.326531
    5 3.5 0.589605
    6 6 0.797194
    7 5.5 0.199298
    2.991071

    Eng. Muhannad Al-Jabi


    Calculate St

    X y 2 )y-yavg(
    1 0.5 8.576531
    2 2.5 0.862245
    3 2 2.040816
    4 4 0.326531
    5 3.5 0.005102
    6 6 6.612245
    7 5.5 4.290816
    Avg(y)=3.428 22.71429

    Eng. Muhannad Al-Jabi


    Calculate r2-coefficient of determination

    St  S r
    r 
    2

    St

    22.71429  2.991071
    r 
    2
     0.868
    22.71429

    Eng. Muhannad Al-Jabi


    Calculate the standard error of the estimate

    Sr
    Sy/x 
    n2

    2.9911
    Sy/x   0.7735
    72

    Eng. Muhannad Al-Jabi


    Example
    use least square regression to fit a straight line
    -:to
    X 6 15 23 30 39
    Y 29 14 7 13 3

    Eng. Muhannad Al-Jabi


    Solution

    X 6 15 23 30 39 113
    Y 29 14 7 13 3 66
    X *Y
    174 210 161 390 117 1052
    X2
    36 225 529 900 1521 3211

    5 *1052  113 * 66
    a1   0.6689
    5 * 3211  113 2

    a0 = (66/5)-( -0.6689)*(113/5) = 28.3171

    Eng. Muhannad Al-Jabi

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