Members With Combined Bending and Axial Force

MEMBERS WITH COMBINED
BENDING AND AXIAL FORCE
1
6.1 General
 Members in with combined Bending and axial

force are covered in section 4.8 BS 5950-
1:2000
2
6.1 General (Cont.)
 Members subject to combined moment and
axial Tension should satisfy 4.8.2 BS 5959:
Part 1 : 2000 and
 members subject to combined moment and

axial compression should satisfy 4.8.3 BS
5950 Part 1: 2000.
 Classification should be used to obtain the
moment capacity and buckling resistance
moment from 4.2 and 4.3 for use in the
interaction expressions.
3
6.1 General (Cont.)
 If the shear Force Fv exceeds 0.6Pv or 0.6Vw
where Pv is the shear capacity (see 4.2.3)
and Vw is the shear buckling resistance of the
web (see 4.4.5), The resistance of the web to
the combined effects of axial force, moment
and shear should be checked using H.3.
 Moments in angle, channel or T-section
members due to eccentricity of connections
should treated as recommended in 4.6.3 for
tension members and 4.7.10 for compression
members.
4
Interaction Diagram
5
Interaction Diagram 6
Interaction Diagram 7
6.2 Tension Members with Moments
 For a section with two axes of symmetry

the moment is resisted by two equal areas
extending inwards from the extreme fibers.
The central core resist the axial tension.
 If the axial tension load is small the stress
distribution takes the form shown below.
8
Fig. 6.1 Tension area in the web 9
 At higher axial tension loads the area
needed to resist the axial tension spreads
to the flanges as shown below.
10
Fig. 6.2 Tension area spread to flanges 11
6.2.1 Maximum Tension
• The maximum tension the section can
support is
Pt=A∙py
Where: py = Design Strength

A = Cross Sectional Area
12
6.2.2 Maximum Moment
• The maximum Moment the section can
support is
Mcx=Sx∙py
∙
Where: py = Design Strength

Sx = Plastic Modulus
13
6.2.3 Tension and Moment :
Tension area in the web
14
• Let F be the Tension force. The length of the
web supporting F is :
F
l Where t = web thickness
p y t
Taking Moments about the neutral axis gives the reduced
Moment capacity as:
 Al  l l
M r  2   p y a   2 p y t  
 4  2 4
A t l2   t l2 
M r  p y    la    p y   S x  
2 4   4 
15
• Thus the reduced Plastic Modulus is :
 t l2 
S r   S x  
 4 
If the average stress on the whole section is f then:

F
f  i.e. F  fA
A
fA
 l
p yt
16
f
• With : n one gets
py
n A
l
t
And the reduced Plastic Moment when the tension area is in

the web becomes:
 n 2  A2 
S rx   S x  
 4t 
f average stress on the cross sec tion

where n 
py design strength 17
Tension area spreads into the flanges
The reduced Plastic Moment when the tension area spreads
into the flanges can be derived along the same lines. In those
cases a general expression for the reduced plastic moment
becomes a bit more complicated. E.g. For an I-or H section
with equal flanges the reduced plastic modulus about the
major axis is given by:
 A2   2 BD  
S rx      1  n  1  n 
 4 B   A  
Where: A= Cross sectional area

B= Flange width
D= over all depth 18
6.2.4: Design of Tension Members with
Moments
General
• The Cross section capacity should be checked using 4.8.2.2 OR 4.8.2.3
• Tension Members with moments should also be checked for resistance to lateral-torsional buckling in accordance with 4.3
UNDER MOMENT ALONE.
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6.2.4.1 Checking the cross-section capacity
using 4.8.2.2
Generally the following relationship should be satisfied:
Ft M x M y
  1
See 4.8.2.2
Pt M cx M cy
Where: Ft=Axial tension at the critical location

Mcx=Moment capacity about the major axis (see 4.2.5)
Mcy=Moment capacity about the minor axis (see 4.2.5)
Mx=Moment about the major axis at the critical location
My= Moment about the minor axis at the critical location
Pt=Tension capacity from 4.6.1
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ALTERNATIVELY one can use section 4.8.2.3
6.2.4.2 Checking the cross-section capacity using
4.8.2.3
According to section 4.8.2.3
• A member of Class 1 plastic OR class 2 Compact

cross section, subject to a moment about only one
axis should satisfy the relevant criterion as follows
• Bending about the Major Axis : Mx ≤ Mrx
• Bending about minor axis: My ≤ Mry
• Where Mrx and Mry are reduced moment capacities in the
presence of Axial force about the major and minor axes
respectively. (see I.2 Bs 5950)
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• In addition, provided that the cross section is also
doubly-symmetric, a member subject to moments
about both axes may be checked using
z1 z2
 Mx   My 
     1
M M 
 rx   ry 
Where z1 is a constant taken as follows:
2.0 for I and H sections with equal flanges
2.0 for solid or hollow circular sections
5/3 for solid or hollow rectangular sections
1 for all other cases
Where z2 is a constant taken as follows:
1.0 for I and H sections with equal flanges
2.0 for solid or hollow circular sections
5/3 for solid or hollow rectangular sections
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1 for all other cases
6.2.5 Design of Compression Members
with Moments:
• In case of compression members with
moments the following should be checked
1) The Capacity of the cross section at those
locations where the moments and Axial
Forces are largest (see 4.8.3.2 BS 5950)
2) The buckling resistance of the member as a

whole (see 4.8.3.3 BS 5950)
23
6.2.5.1 Cross Section Capacity (4.8.3.2)
• The Capacity of the cross section may be
checked as follows:
a. Generally, except for Class 4 slender Sections
Fc Mx My
  1
Ag p y M cx M cy
b. Alternatively, for Class 1 plastic or class 2

compact cross-sections 4.8.2.3 may be used i.e.
z1 z2
 Mx   My 
     1
M M 
 rx   ry  24
6.2.5.1 Cross Section Capacity (4.8.3.2)
c. For Class 4 slender Sections
Fc Mx My
  1
Aeff p y M cx M cy
Where:
Aeff=effective cross-sectional Area (see 3.6 BS 5950)

Ag=gross sectional Area
Fc=axial compression at the critical location
25
6.2.5.2 Member Buckling Resistance (4.8.3.3)
General:
 The buckling resistance of a member may be
verified by using section 4.8.3.3.1 BS 5950 : Part 1
:2000
 Section 4.8.3.3.2 gives a more exact method for I-

or H- sections with equal flanges
 Section 4.8.3.3.3 gives a more exact method for

CHS, RHS or box sections with equal flanges 26
Verifying the buckling resistance of a member by using

section 4.8.3.3.1 BS 5950 : Part 1 :2000
The buckling resistance of a member may be verified

by checking that the following relationships are both
satisfied:
Fc mx M x m y M y
  1
Pc py Z x py Z y
Fc mLT M LT m y M y
  1
Pcy Mb py Z y 27
Where:
Fc=axial compression
Mb=Buckling resistance moment (see 4.3 or I.4)
MLT=Maximum major axis moment in the segment L governing Mb
Mx= Maximum major axis moment in the segment Lx governing Pcx
My= Maximum minor axis moment in the segment Ly governing Pcy
Pc= the smaller of Pcx and Pcy
Pcx= compression resistance from 4.7.4 considering buckling about the
major axis only
Pcy= compression resistance from 4.7.4 considering buckling about the
minor axis only
Zx= Section modulus about the major axis 28
The equivalent uniform moment factors mLT, mx, and my are
obtained as follows (See section 4.8.3.3.4 BS 5950)
mLT = (For Lateral Torsional Buckling) use table 18 for the pattern of
major axis moments over segment length LLT governing Mb
mx= (For Major axis flexural buckling) use table 26 for the pattern of
major axis moments over segment length Lx governing Pcx
my= (For minor axis flexural buckling) use table 26 for the pattern of
minor axis moments over segment length Ly governing Pcy
LLT= segment length between restraints against lateral torsional
buckling (see 4.3)
Lx= segment length between restraints against flexural buckling
about the major axis
29
L= segment length between restraints against flexural buckling

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Members With Combined Bending and Axial Force

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MEMBERS WITH COMBINED

BENDING AND AXIAL FORCE

 Members in with combined Bending and axial

 members subject to combined moment and

 For a section with two axes of symmetry

Where: py = Design Strength

Where: py = Design Strength

If the average stress on the whole section is f then:

And the reduced Plastic Moment when the tension area is in

f average stress on the cross sec tion

Where: A= Cross sectional area

Generally the following relationship should be satisfied:

Where: Ft=Axial tension at the critical location

According to section 4.8.2.3

• A member of Class 1 plastic OR class 2 Compact

2) The buckling resistance of the member as a

b. Alternatively, for Class 1 plastic or class 2

c. For Class 4 slender Sections

Aeff=effective cross-sectional Area (see 3.6 BS 5950)

 Section 4.8.3.3.2 gives a more exact method for I-

 Section 4.8.3.3.3 gives a more exact method for

Verifying the buckling resistance of a member by using

The buckling resistance of a member may be verified

L= segment length between restraints against flexural buckling

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