OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER
PENDAHULUAN
PENGERTIAN
Pengertian Op-amp
Penguat operasional (Op-amp)
didefinisikann sebagai suatu
rangkaian terintegrasi yang berisi
beberapa tingkat dan konfigurasi
penguat diferensial.
Penguat operasional memilki dua
Positive
Power
masukan dan satu
Inverting keluaran Supply
Input -
Output
Non- +
Inverting
Input Negative
Power
Supply
PRINSIP KERJA
What is an Op-Amp? – The
Layout
There are 8 pins in a common
Op-Amp, like the 741 which is
used in many instructional
courses.
LF411 Op Amp
(The Art of Electronics, Horowitz and Hill, 2nd (Student Manual for The Art of Electronics, Hayes and Horowitz,
741 Op-Amp Schematic
current mirror current mirror
voltage
level
shifter
output
stage
differential amplifier current mirror high-gain amplifier
LF411 Op Amp
(Student Manual for The Art of Electronics, Hayes and Horowitz,
OP-AMP BLOCK DIAGRAM
V+
Inverting Input
(- VIN)
Differential Voltage
Voltage Output
Output
Differential
Amplifier Amplifier Amplifier
Amplifier Output
Amplifier Amplifier
Noninverting
Input (+ VIN)
V-
Figure 1 Op Amp Block Diagram
Most Op Amps require dual power
supply with common ground
Positive Supply (+15V) to pin7
Negative Supply (-15V) to pin4
VS+
VIN-
-
7
VOUT
VIN+
+ 4
Common Ground
VS-
Figure 6 Dual Supply Voltages connection
Some Op Amps work on single
supply also
VS+
VIN- VIN-
- -
7 VOUT 7 VOUT
VIN+ VIN+
4 + 4
+
VS-
Single Positive Voltage )a( Single Negative Voltage )b(
Figure 7 Single Supply Voltages connection
Advantage of dual power
supply
Using dual power supply will let
the op amp to output true AC
voltage.
15V+ 30V+
Output 0V V 30 Output V 30
15V- 0V
Figure 8a Op Amp powered from Dual supply Figure 8b Op Amp powered from Single supply
What is dual power
supply?
Single Power Supply Single Power Supply
15V– Common 15V+
Figure 18 Dual Power Supply
How can you make a dual power
supply using two 9V batteries?
What is the voltage between + of
first battery and – of second
battery?
OP-AMP CONFIGURATIONS
No Feedback )a( Negative )b( Positive )c(
(open loop Feedback Feedback
comparator circuit) Figure Types of Feedback
Basic Electric Circuits
Ideal Op Amp:
Example 8.1: Consider the op amp configuration below
Assume Vin = 5 V
6 k
1 k a
+
_+ V in _ V
3 V 0
+
_
24 Figure 8.11: Circuit for Example 8.1.
Basic Electric Circuits
Operational Amplifiers
xample 8.1 cont. 6 k
1 k a
+
_+ V in _ V
3 V 0
+
_
At node “a” we can write;
( Vin 3 ) 3 V0
Eq 8.10
1k 6k
From which; V0 = -51 V
25
Single-Ended Input
+
V o • + terminal : Source
~ Vi • – terminal : Ground
• 0o phase change
+
V
o • + terminal : Ground
• – terminal : Source
• 180o phase change
~
V i
Ref:080114HKN Operational Amplifier 20
Double-Ended Input
• Differential input
+
V d V V d V V
o
~ •
• 0o phase shift change
between Vo and Vd
+
V Qu: What V should be if,
o o
~ V1 V 2
~
V 2
V 1
Ans: (A or B) ?
(A) (B)
Ref:080114HKN Operational Amplifier 21
Distortion
+V =+5V cc
+5V
+
V
o
V d 0
5V
V =5V cc
The output voltage never
excess the DC voltage supply of
the Op-Amp
Ref:080114HKN Operational Amplifier 22
Ideal Vs Practical Op-Amp
Ideal Practical Ideal op-amp
+ AVin
Open Loop gain A 105
Vin ~ Vout
Bandwidth BW 10-100Hz
Zout=0
Input Impedance Zin >1M
Output Impedance Zout 0 10-100
Output Voltage Vout Depends only Depends slightly
on Vd = on average input Practical op-amp
(V+V) Vc = (V++V)/2
Common-Mode
+
Differential
signal Zin Zout
mode signal Vin Vout
~
CMRR 10-100dB AVin
Ref:080114HKN Operational Amplifier 23
Aplikasi Op-amp
Comparator
Penguat Inverting Penguat Non-inverting
Penguat Diferensial Penguat Penjumlah
Integrator Differensiator
Comparator
Adalah penggunaan op-amp sebagai
pembanding antara tegangan yang
masuk pada input (+) dan input (-).
Penguat Inverting
Adalah penggunanan op-amp
sebagai penguat sinyal dimana
sinyal outputnya berbalik fasa 180
derajat
dari𝑅sinyal input.
𝑅
𝑓 𝑓
𝑉 𝑜𝑢𝑡 =− 𝑉 𝑖𝑛 𝐴=−
𝑅𝑖𝑛 𝑅𝑖𝑛
Penguat Non-inverting
Adalah penguat sinyal dengan
karakteristik dasar sinyal output
yang dikuatkan memiliki fasa yang
sama dengan sinyal input.
R ¿+ R f
V out = V¿
R¿
A
Penguat Differensial
Digunakan untuk mencari selisih dari
dua tegangan yang telah dikalikan
dengan konstanta tertentu yang
ditentukan oleh nilai resistansi yaitu
sebesar Rf/R1 untuk R1 = R2 dan Rf =
( 𝑅𝑓 + 𝑅1) 𝑅𝑔 𝑅𝑓
R .
V outg= V2− 𝑉1
( 𝑅𝑔+ 𝑅2) 𝑅1 𝑅1
A
Penguat Penjumlah
Berfungsi menjumlahkan beberapa
level sinyal input yang masuk ke op-
amp.
Vout = - ((Rf/R1) x V1 + (Rf/R2) x V2 + ... + (Rf/Rn) x Vn)
Gain = Rf/Rin
Integrator
Opamp dapat digunakan untuk membuat rangkaian-
rangkaian dengan respons frekuensi. Rangkaian dasar
sebuah integrator adalah rangkaian op-amp inverting,
hanya saja rangkaian umpanbaliknya (feedback)
bukan resistor melainkan menggunakan capasitor.
Vout = -1/RC ( t0 ∫ tlvindt )
G(ω) = -1/ωRC
G(f) = -1/2πfRC
Differensiator
Selain rangkaian integrator, rangkaian op-amp
sebagai rangkaian respons frekuensi dapat juga
dibuat sebagai rangkaian differensiator kalau
komponen C pada rangkaian penguat inverting di
tempatkan di depan.
Vout = -RC dvin/dt
G(ω) = -ωRC
CONTOH SOAL
Basic Electric Circuits
Operational Amplifiers
Example 1: The noninverting op amp.
Consider the following: R
fb
R 0 a
+_ V
V 2
0
_
Basic Electric Circuits
Operational Amplifiers
Example 1: The noninverting op amp. Continued
Writing a node equation at “a” gives;
V2 (V2 V0 )
0
R0 R fb
so
V0 1 1
V2
R fb R
0 R fb
which gives ,
R fb
V0 1 V2 Remember this
R0
Basic Electric Circuits
Operational Amplifiers
Example 2: Noninverting Input.
nd V0 for the following op amp configuration.
2 k V x
+
_
+
10 k
+_ 4 V 6 k a
V 0
5 k
_
Basic Electric Circuits
Operational Amplifiers
Example 2: Noninverting Input.
The voltage at Vx is found to be 3 V.
Writing a node equation at “a” gives;
V x ( V x V0 )
0
5k 10k
or
V0 3V x 9V
TUGAS
Basic Electric Circuits
Operational Amplifiers
Isolation with gain.
Basic Electric Circuits
Operational Amplifiers
Noninverting Input.
nd V0 for the following op amp configuration.
Noninverting amplifierNoninverting input with voltage divide
Rf Rf R2
vo (1 )vi vo (1 )( )vi
R Ra R1 R2
a
Less than unity gain
Voltage follower
R2
vo vi vo vi
R1 R2
TERIMA KASIH
