Apple Case

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Apple Suppliers & Labour Practices

With its highly coveted line of consumer electronics, Apple has a cult
following among loyal consumers. During the 2014 holiday season,
74.5 million iPhones were sold. Demand like this meant that Apple
was in line to make over $52 billion in profits in 2015, the largest
annual profit ever generated from a company’s operations. Despite
its consistent financial performance year over year, Apple’s robust
profit margin hides a more complicated set of business ethics. Similar
to many products sold in the U.S., Apple does not manufacture most
its goods domestically. Most of the component sourcing and factory
production is done overseas in conditions that critics have argued are
dangerous to workers and harmful to the environment.
For example, tin is a major component in Apple’s products and
much of it is sourced in Indonesia. Although there are mines that
source tin ethically, there are also many that do not. One study
found workers—many of them children—working in unsafe
conditions, digging tin out by hand in mines prone to landslides
that could bury workers alive. About 70% of the tin used in
electronic devices such as smartphones and tablets comes from
these more dangerous, small-scale mines. An investigation by
the BBC revealed how perilous these working conditions can be.
In interviews with miners, a 12-year-old working at the bottom
of a 70-foot cliff of sand said: “I worry about landslides. The
earth slipping from up there to the bottom. It could happen.”
Apple defends its practices by saying it only has so much control over
monitoring and regulating its component sources. The company justifies its
sourcing practices by saying that it is a complex process, with tens of
thousands of miners selling tin, many of them through middle-men. In a
statement to the BBC, Apple said “the simplest course of action would be for
Apple to unilaterally refuse any tin from Indonesian mines. That would be
easy for us to do and would certainly shield us from criticism. But that would
also be the lazy and cowardly path, since it would do nothing to improve the
situation. We have chosen to stay engaged and attempt to drive changes on
the ground.”
In an effort for greater transparency, Apple has released annual reports
detailing their work with suppliers and labor practices. While more recent
investigations have shown some improvements to suppliers’ working
conditions, Apple continues to face criticism as consumer demand for iPhones
and other products continues to grow.
Discussion Questions:
1. Do you think Apple should be responsible for ethical lapses made by individuals further down its supply chain? Why
or why not?

2. Should Apple continue to work with the suppliers in an effort to change practices, or should they stop working with
every supplier, even the conscientious ones, to make sure no “bad apples” are getting through? Explain your
reasoning.

3. Do you think consumers should be expected to take into account the ethical track record of companies when
making purchases? Why or why not?

4. Can you think of other products or brands that rely on ethically questionable business practices? Do you think
consumers are turned off by their track record or are they largely indifferent to it? Explain.

5. Would knowing that a product was produced under ethically questionable conditions affect your decision to
purchase it? Explain with examples.

6. If you were part of a third-party regulating body, how would you deal with ethically questionable business practices
of multinational corporations like Apple? Would you feel obligated to do something, or do you think the solution rests
with the companies themselves? Explain your reasoning.

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