SCADA

SARANG R. DESHMUKH
JE T.P.S. PARAS
K53, KTC KORADI
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 AUTOMATION-DEFINATION
 Automation is the use of control systems and
information technologies to reduce the need
for human work in the production of goods
and services
 to increase production
 to reduce cost
 to reduce manpower
 to improve safety working conditions
 to reduce power consumption
 to improve quality

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TYPES OF AUTOMATION

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LAYOUT OF INDUSTRIAL
AUTOMATION

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WHAT IS SCADA
 SCADA stands for Supervisory Control And
Data Acquisition.SCADA refers to a system
that collects data from various sensors at a
factory, plant or in other remote locations
and then sends this data to a central
computer which then manages and controls
the data.

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WHY SCADA
 OPERATOR GETS ALL INFORMATION AT A
SINGLE POINT
 DATA AQUISITION ON REAL TIME BASIS
 SUPERVISION OF PLANT PROCESS
 PROCESSING OF PLANT INFORMATION
 ANALYSIS OF PLANT EVENTS
 HISTORICAL DATA STORAGE
 1 mSec SOE RECORDING AVAILABLE
 PLANT PERFORMANCE CALCULATIONS
POSSIBLE
 HEAT RATE MONITORING POSSIBLE
 USER FRIENDLY 6
 SCADA AS A SYSTEM
 TYPICAL SCADA SYSTEM

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 SCADA ARCHITECTURES
 SCADA systems have evolved through 3 generations as follows:
First generation: "Monolithic“
In the first generation, computing was done by mainframe
systems. Networks didn’t exist at the time SCADA was
developed. Thus SCADA systems were independent systems
with no connectivity to other systems.
Second generation: "Distributed“
The processing was distributed across multiple stations which
were connected through a LAN and they shared information in
real time. Each station was responsible for a particular task
thus making the size and cost of each station less than the one
used in First Generation.
Third generation: "Networked“
These are the current generation SCADA systems which use
open system architecture rather than a vendor-controlled
proprietary environment. The SCADA system utilizes open
standards and protocols, thus distributing functionality across a
WAN rather than a LAN. 8
 WHAT IS DATA ACQUISITION
 Data acquisition is the process of
retrieving control information from the
equipment which is out of order or may
lead to some problem or when decisions
are need to be taken according to the
situation in the equipment. So this
acquisition is done by continuous
monitoring of the equipment to which it is
employed. The data accessed are then
forwarded onto a telemetry system ready
for transfer to the different sites.
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o Data acquisition begins at the RTU or PLC
level and includes meter readings and
equipment status reports that are
communicated to SCADA as required. Data is
then compiled and formatted in such a way
that a control room operator using the HMI
can make supervisory decisions to adjust or
override normal RTU (PLC) controls. Data may
also be fed to a Historian, often built on a
commodity Database Management System, to
allow trending and other analytical auditing.
SYSTEM COMPONENTS OF SCADA
 A SCADA System usually consists of the following subsystems:
 A Human-Machine Interface or HMI is the apparatus which
presents process data to a human operator, and through this,
the human operator monitors and controls the process.
 A supervisory (computer) system, gathering (acquiring) data on
the process and sending commands (control) to the process.
 Remote Terminal Units (RTUs) connecting to sensors in the
process, converting sensor signals to digital data and sending
digital data to the supervisory system.
 Programmable Logic Controller (PLCs) used as field devices
because they are more economical, versatile, flexible, and
configurable than special-purpose RTUs.
 Communication infrastructure connecting the supervisory
system to the Remote Terminal Units.
 HUMAN MACHINE INTERFACE
A Human-Machine Interface or HMI is the apparatus which presents
process data to a human operator, and through which the human
operator controls the process.
An HMI is usually linked to the SCADA system's databases and software
programs, to provide trending, diagnostic data, and management
information such as scheduled maintenance procedures, logistic
information, detailed schematics for a particular sensor or machine, and
expert-system troubleshooting guides.
The HMI system usually presents the information to the operating
personnel graphically, in the form of a mimic diagram. This means that
the operator can see a schematic representation of the plant being
controlled. For example, a picture of a pump connected to a pipe can
show the operator that the pump is running and how much fluid it is
pumping through the pipe at the moment. The operator can then switch
the pump off. The HMI software will show the flow rate of the fluid in
the pipe decrease in real time. Mimic diagrams may consist of line
graphics and schematic symbols to represent process elements, or may
consist of digital photographs of the process equipment overlain with
animated symbols.
HUMAN MACHINE INTERFACE
 SYSTEMS WORKING
 The term SCADA usually refers to centralized systems
which monitor and control entire sites, or complexes of
systems spread out over large areas (anything between an
industrial plant and a country). Most control actions are
performed automatically by Remote Terminal Units
("RTUs") or by programmable logic controllers ("PLCs").
Host control functions are usually restricted to basic
overriding or supervisory level intervention. For example, a
PLC may control the flow of cooling water through part of
an industrial process, but the SCADA system may allow
operators to change the set points for the flow, and enable
alarm conditions, such as loss of flow and high temperature,
to be displayed and recorded. The feedback control loop
passes through the RTU or PLC, while the SCADA system
monitors the overall performance of the loop.
 HARDWARE SOLUTIONS

 SCADA solutions often have Distributed Control System (DCS) components.

Use of "smart" RTUs or PLCs.
 A functional block programming language, IEC 61131-3 (Ladder Logic), is
frequently used to create programs which run on these RTUs and PLCs. This allows
SCADA system engineers to perform both the design and implementation of a
program to be executed on an RTU or PLC. A Programmable automation
controller (PAC) is a compact controller that combines the features and
capabilities of a PC-based control system with that of a typical PLC. PACs are
deployed in SCADA systems to provide RTU and PLC functions. In many electrical
substation SCADA applications, "distributed RTUs" use information processors or
station computers to communicate with protective relays, PACS, and other devices
for I/O, and communicate with the SCADA master in lieu of a traditional RTU.
 Since about 1998, virtually all major PLC manufacturers have offered integrated
HMI/SCADA systems, many of them using open and non-proprietary
communications protocols. Numerous specialized third-party HMI/SCADA
packages, offering built-in compatibility with most major PLCs, have also entered
the market, allowing mechanical engineers, electrical engineers and technicians to
configure HMIs themselves, without the need for a custom-made program written
by a software developer.
FEATURES OF SCADA
 REAL TIME AND HISTORICAL TREND The trend
play very important role in the process
operation. If your batch fails or the plant
trips, you can simply go to the historical
trend data and do the analysis. You can have
better look of the parameters through the
trend.

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 ALARMS have a very critical role in
automation. Generally we have alarm states
for each inputs/outputs. . Most of the SCADA
software support four types of alarms like
LOLO,LO,HI and HIHI.
 RECIPE MANAGEMENT When you have
different products to manufacture, you just
have to load the recipe of the particular
product.

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 SECURITY You can allocate certain facilities
or features to the operator, process people,
engineering dept and maintenance dept.
 DEVICE CONNECTIVITY SCADA
software should have connectivity to the
different hardware used in automation.

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SCADA MANUFACTURER AND
NAME OF THE SOFTWARE
 WONDERWARE Intouch
 ALLEN BRADLEY R.S View
 SIEMENS Wincc
 MODICON Moriecon
 GE FANUC Cimplicity
 INTELLUSION I Fix
 KPIT Ashtra

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WHAT IS INTOUCH
 Wonderware In Touch provides a single
integrated view of all your controls and
information resources. In touch enables
engineers, supervisors, operators and
managers to view and interact with the
working of entire operation through graphical
representations of their production processes

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DESIGN
 Creating a new SCADA application
 Creating Database of tags.
 Creating & editing graphic display with
animation.
 Creating & Accessing Real time trends &
Historical Trends.
 Writing logic through script.
 Connectivity with the different H/W or S/W.

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 Communication protocols.
 Communication with PLC.
 Communication with Exel.
 Commissioning the Hardware Nodes.
 Connectivity between software.
 Troubleshooting the application.

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WONDERWARE SCADA
SOFTWARE
 Easy-to-use
 Easy to implement
 Easy configuration
 Simplified maintenance
 High security and availability
 Virtually unlimited scalability

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PRACTICAL USES OF SCADA
 SCADA used as a control mechanism for
chemical plants, electricity generation,
electric power transmission, electricity
distribution.
 Control mechanisms are described in Process
Control.

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ADVANTAGES
 CONTINOUS OPERATION
 RELIABLE
 IMPROVES MAINTENANCE, OPERATION AND
CUSTOMER SERVICE.
 FEW OPERATORS CONTROLS LARGE NO. OF
INDIVIDUAL ASSETS.
 PROVIDE RAPID RESPONSE TO EMERGENCIES.

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DISADVANTAGES

 TROUBLED ALARMS
 LACK OF SKILLED PERSONS.
 INITIAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT.

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BENEFITS OF SCADA
 Long distance monitoring
 Long distance training
 Data management (engineering and
operations)
 Automated operations with real time control

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CONCLUSION
SCADA is a control system with more
interfaces and efficient storage,more record
or device oriented configuration but system
wide configuration tools are needed are less
expensive than DCS, but offer different
functionality than DCS and finally various
applications.

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THANK YOU

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