HUMAN SETTLEMENTS

AND PLANNING

ASSIGNMENT
DEVELOPMENT OF
DELHI

By:
Shanmuga priya. S
 INTRODUCTION
 Delhi is the capital of India.
 The state is spread over an area of 1483 square
kilometre.
 According to the Indian geography the state is located
at the centre of the Indian subcontinent, amidst the
ranges of Himalaya and the Aravalli.
 Delhi geography encompasses the location, climatic
conditions, topography and so on.
LOCATION
 The latitudinal and longitudinal
 location of Delhi are 23.38
degree north and 77.13 degree
east.
 The state stands at the northern
part of
 India.
 Haryana and Uttar Pradesh are
the other states, which share
their borders with Delhi in the
west and east respectively.
 Delhi geography divides the
state into three parts- the Delhi
ridge, the Yamuna flood plain
and the plains.
TOPOGRAPHY
 The topography of Delhi can be
divided into three different parts,
the plains, the Yamuna flood plain,
and the ridge.
 As per the topography, Delhi is
located on the western fringes of
the Genetic Plains.
 The other topographical feature is
the Ridge, which reaches the
height of 1043 ft. above sea level,
and is the highest point in Delhi.
 There are three canals crossing it,
namely the Yamuna Canal, the Agra
Canal, and the Hindu Canal.
NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
Physical Features
 The city of Delhi lies in the fertile Northern Plains of
India.
 The main features of Delhi are the Aravalli hill ranges
and the Yamuna river.
 The Aravalli hill ranges are covered with forest called
the Ridges.
 The Yamuna is the main source of drinking water for the
citizens of Delhi.
 There is a forest cover of nearly 11.5% of the total area
in Delhi.
 Delhi’s mineral sources are primarily sand and stone
which are used for construction activities.
 Cont.
Climate
 Delhi has a semi arid climate, with hot summers,
average rainfall and moderate winters.
 Mean monthly temperatures range from 14.3° C in
January to 34.5° C in June.
 However, the temperatures go up to 40-45° C in
summers and 4-5° C in winters.
 The annual precipitation is about 711 mm

Water Resources
 Delhi’s sources of water consist of surface and
ground water.
 Cont.
Wind Direction
 Wind directions vary with season. In the summers,
the predominant wind
 directions are from the west in the morning and
either west or northwest in the
 evening. In the monsoons, the predominant wind
directions are from the
 southeast or west in the morning and from east (in
July and August) or north-west
 (in September) in the evenings.
HERITAGE & TOURISM SECTOR
 Delhi, considered as a historic city of potential World
Heritage significance due to the unparalleled richness
and diversity of its natural and cultural heritage, is also
one of the most prominent tourist destinations in North
India, and is perceived as the ‘Gateway to North India’.
 Due to its location as an important node of both the
Agra-Jaipur and Varanasi Khajuraho circuits, Delhi
received over 3.2 million domestic and international
tourists in 2010-11.
Benefits That Can Be Drawn
 Delhi’s rich, multi-layered heritage needs to be
considered as an economic resource or ‘heritage capital’,
capable of enriching the quality of life of Delhi’s
inhabitants & stimulating development through growth of
heritage tourism.
 Innovative management strategies for the heritage
assets of Delhi are required to ensure creation of
employment opportunities linked to cultural tourism
and provision of facilities for mid-range tourists in
heritage areas.

THE IT & ITES SECTOR

 Delhi is one of the major hubs for this sector along
with Bangalore, Hyderabad, Chennai, and Mumbai-Pune.
 The city, with its large population of well educated
work force, is ideally positioned to attain the pre-
eminent position for providing workers for this fast
growth sector.
 However, there is need for undertaking major capacity
building exercise in consonance with the requirements
of this sector.
 History of Delhi
 Delhi is the largest metropolis of India and eighth largest of the
World.
 Historically, developments in Delhi took place in a triangular patch
of land with river Yamuna on one side and the northern range of
Aravalli hills on the other two sides.
 It started as Indraprastha, a small settlement by Pandavas within
the Khandva Forest near Yamuna around 2500 BC.
 Later in 736 AD, Tomar kings established a new city named Lal
Kot and the Chauhans replaced the Tomars in the mid-12th C and
extended Lal Kot to form Qila Rai Pithora.
 Delhi grew to be capital of an empire in the time of the Delhi
Sultanate, with the establishment of Siri.
 Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq, the first of the Tughlaq kings who
established Tughlaqabad, In AD 1327, Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq
linked the older cities of Lal Kot and Siri with two walls to build,
Jahanpanah.
 Delhi was then intermittently the capital of the Mughal Empire,
Emperor Humayun, in AD 1538, built shergarh.
OLD DELHI,
 OLD DELHI, walled city was founded as Shahjahanabad by
Mughal Emperor Shahjahan in 1639.
 It remained the capital of the Mughals until the end of the
Mughal dynasty.
 It was once filled with mansions of nobles and members of
the royal court, along with elegant mosques and gardens.

NEW DELHI
 NEW DELHI designed by Sir Edward Lutyens and Herbert
Baker, redefined the architecture and urbanism of Delhi in
the process of addressing contemporary imperatives.
1807
1857
1857
1930
1945
1947-55
2019
POPULATION GROWTH
 Delhi is most populated and the fastest growing
city in the country.
 Since it is the national capital, the biggest trading
centre and the largest centre for small industries
in India.
 A large part of is rapid growth has been due to
high level of migration.
 The annual average growth rate of population of
Delhi is 3.85 as per census 2001.
 It was highest during 1941 to 1951 due to large
scale migration of people from Pakistan to India
after partition.
 migration in to delhi

utter pradesh

haryana

bihar

rajasthan

0 10 20 30 40 50 60
 The rural population, which was 47.24% of Delhi’s
population in 1901 continued to decline to 7.27% in 1981,
but increased to 10.07% in 1991. This reversal of the
long term trend during 1981-1991 was due to
mushrooming of unauthorised colonies in rural areas.
 The family size in urban areas is 4.99 persons in
comparison with rural family size of 5.90 persons.
 Economic Survey found that literacy in Delhi during
1997 was 85% compared to the national literacy level of
62%.
 According to this survey, the male literacy rate in Delhi
during 1997 was 91% and the female rate was 76%,
compared to the national literacy rates of 73% for
males and 50% for females.
 Based on birth and death rates, the natural growth in
Delhi’s population has declined from 2.21% in 1991 to
1.85% in 1997.
 POPULATION DENSITY
According to census 2001, average density of population of Delhi is 9340 persons
per sq. Km against the density of population of country is 334persons per sq. Km.
Delhi has the highest population density among the union territories

district wise density of population in 2011

40000
35000
30000
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
i T T T I L T T
elh E S T H S S L H A E S E S T H
d R E A E A E R U
of W O D T W W O
T T H N T H
W EN T H S
C R R E C U
N O O N O
N N S
CITY ECONOMIC PROFILE
 Delhi with million plus population has one of the
fastest growing economies in India.
 With 15% average compound growth rate
Delhi's economy is driven by the service sector.
 Its 78% of gsdp is because of service sector
which provide Employment to 58% of labour
class.
 Per capital income for the year 2011-12 at
current prices is estimated as rs 175812.
 Monthly per capital expenditure of Delhi is rs.
2905 in urban and rs. 1761 in rural.
INVESTMENT PLAN OF NINTH FIVE
YEAR PLAN [DATA RS. CRORE]
investment Rs.
social welfare others education
2% 1% 10%

transport medical
27% 11%

water supply
19%

energy
17%

urban development
15%
 Between 1981 and 1991 the population of Delhi increased rapidly
but the proportion of workers in Delhi’s population declined
marginally.
 Workers constituted 32.19% of Delhi’s population in 1981 which
declined to 31.63% in 1991.
 In contrast, the percentage of workers in the total population
increased from 35.70% in 1981 to 37.46% in 1991 at the National
level.
 The rate of increase of the Delhi workforce during 1981-91 was
48.85% compared to only 28.42% at the National level.
 The increase in Delhi was primarily due to migration of
unemployed people from neighbouring states.
Public sector Growth rate

Central govt. -1.41%

Govt. of Delhi 1.82%
Quasi govt. (central + Delhi govt.) -3.30%
Local bodies -3.09%
Private sector 1.83%
 WORKING SECTOR
 In Delhi, the period 1994-97 shows a downward trend in
total public sector employment (-1.74%) but an increase
of 1.83% in the private sector.
 Overall, employment in the public and private sectors
together has fallen by 0.82%.
 On June 30, 1998, 11.08 lakh persons were registered on
the Live Register of Employment Exchanges in Delhi, out
of which 8.47 lakh (76.44%) had a diploma, a
matriculation, degree or higher educational qualification
and the remaining 2.61 lakh (23.56%) were below this
educational level.
 Several rounds of NSSO surveys show that the labour
force, which consists of both employed and unemployed
persons increased from 19.08 lakh in 1977-78 to 34.57
lakh in 1992.
  At the same time, the number of unemployed persons in
Delhi decreased from 2.08 lakh in 1977-78 to 1.96 lakh in
1992.
 The proportion of unemployed persons to the total labour
force declined significantly from 10.90% to 5.67% during
this period.
% of population working in different sector

agriculture
manufacturing
electricity, gas, water etc.
construction
trade
transport
finance and business
public admn. Edu. Health
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
 URBAN GROWTH
 In the planning of New Delhi in 1916, the
Central Vista was conceived as a landscaped
stretch to form continuity between the ridge
and the river Yamuna.
 The stretch with the Rashtrapati Bhawan and
the India Gate at two ends has tremendous
visual quality and is one of the finest examples
of Urban Design and monumentality in planning
in the world.
The following aspects need to be considered to arrive at
the basis for policies affecting
the urban fabric

 Areas of significance in built environment.

 Visual integration of the city.
 Policy for tall buildings.
 Policy on unhindered access movement, parking and
pedestrian realm.
 Policy on Hoardings, Street furniture and Signage.
 Urban Design Scheme.
 Policy for design of pedestrian realm.
 City structure plan and Urban Design objective.
 Policy for conservation of Heritage precincts Buildings
and Zones.
 A redevelopment strategy for accommodating more
population in a planned manner is to be taken up on
priority in all use zones for efficient and optimum
utilization of the existing urban land, both in planned
and unplanned areas.
 This would have to be based on provision of
infrastructure viz. Water supply, sewerage, road
network, open spaces and the essential social
infrastructure.
 To encourage the growth impulse for regeneration in
the target redevelopment areas, the possible
incentives and modalities recommended include grant
of planning permission at the scheme level with
permission to reorganize / pool properties for planning
purposes.
 Provision of social infrastructure through
transferable development rights or accommodation
reservation and reduced space standards for
unplanned areas, enhanced FAR for specified
redevelopment areas and application of flexible
concept of mix-use zones in special area & villages on
scheme basis.

POLICY ZONES OF DELHI

 NCT of Delhi.
 Central National Capital Region - Central NCR
 Highway Corridor Zone
 Rest of NCR.
LAND USE DISTRIBUTION
DISTRICT CENTRES
 Nehru Place
 Rajendra Place
 Bhikaji Cama Place
 Janakpuri
 Laxmi Nagar
 Shivaji Place (Raja Garden)
 Jhandewalan
 Netaji Subhash Place (Wazirpur)
 Saket
 Manglam Place (Rohini)
 OTHER AREAS
 Central Vista and the areas in its North and South,
Lutyen's Bungalow Zone.
 Ancient settlements.
 Historical Monuments and Gardens.
 Exhibition grounds, Zoo etc.
 Areas along entry routes and other important routes in
Delhi.
 Republic day parade route.
 Road and Rail, MRTS corridors, entries, and terminals.
 City as a whole for aerial view
 AVAILABILITY OF
URBANISABLE LAND
 HOUSING

INTRODUCTION
 Housing condition is one of the important
indicators of the socioeconomic development of
the country.
 Statistical information relating to housing
condition in quantitative terms is essential for an
assessment of the overall housing needs of the
people and also for the formulation of housing
policies and programmes.
HOUSING CONDITION IN DELHI

 Housing of any place include type of structure,

type of dwelling, ventilation, bathing, latrine
and electricity facilities etc.
 It also gives an account of the civic amenities
at the reach of the families living in the
dwellings such as availability of drainage,
garbage disposal arrangement, approach
road/lane/constructed path etc.
 DDA commenced its housing activities in 1967
and has played a crucial role in providing more
than a million houses to the people of Delhi.
 TYPE OF STRUCTURES
The structure of the dwelling can be classified on the basis of
material used for its construction. Four type of structures are

 Pucca structure
 Semi pucca structure
 Serviceable kutcha
 Unserviceable kutcha
 In Delhi 91.50% families live in pucca, 5.01% in semi-
pucca, and 3.49% in kutcha type of structure as
against the All India average of 66.1% in pucca, 21.3%
in semi pucca and 12.6% in kutcha type of houses.

 56.62% households were residing in owned dwellings,

4.22% employer provided, 32.51% in rented dwelling
and remaining 6.64% having other arrangement in
Delhi.

 The national average in this respect was 85.2% owned,

1.8% employer provided accommodation, 10.9% in
rented dwelling and 2.1% had other arrangement.
 In Delhi 51.13% stay in independent, 18.29% in flat type
dwellings as against the national average of 74.9% in
independent houses, 9.7% in flats .
 In the urban areas 88.96% of families are living in the
buildings which are used strictly for residential purpose,
10.13% were found to be used for residence-cum
commercial purposes and 0.91% for residence-cu mother
purposes.
 About 95.05% of the households were having burnt
brick / stone /lime stone type of wall followed by 2.99%
of canvass/cloth.
 About 75.53% of the households were having cement
type of floors followed by 13.01% of mosaic/tiles type.
 About 64.33% of the households were in houses with a
plinth area up to 50 sq.m. in the rural areas whereas the
corresponding percentage was about 66.95% in the
urban area.

STATUS OF AMENITIES
 84% of the households draw drinking water from tap,
about 10.03% from tube well/ hand pump.
 60% of the households have exclusive use of the water
source, 20.86% were uses share as the same source and
17.26% depends on the source provided by the
government.
 99.10% of households were having electricity connections
for domestic use.
 66.24% of households were having separate kitchen with
or without water tap.
 In urban 78.77% households were having either
attached/detached bathroom facility.
 Based on the record of preceding 5 years flood risk was
experienced by only 0.66% of the households in Delhi due
to excessive rain/river etc.

SLUM
 A Slum is a compact area with a collection of poorly built
tenements, mostly of temporary nature, crowded
together usually with inadequate sanitary and drinking
water facilities in unhygienic conditions.
 The slums are commonly known as jhuggi jhopri in Delhi.
SLUMS IN DELHI
TRANSPORTATION IN DELHI
 Delhi is predominantly dependent on road
transport, with the railways catering to only about
1% of the local traffic.
 The ring rail network in Delhi is grossly
underutilized.
 Buses cater to 62% of the total traffic while
personal vehicles account for the balance 37%.
 Although, buses constitute only 1.1% of the total
number of vehicles.
 Among personalized vehicles, motor cycles and
scooters comprise about two third of the total
number of vehicles in Delhi, while cars and jeeps
account for one fourth of the total vehicles.
 National Highways
 Five National Highways pass through the National
Capital Territory of
 Delhi (NH-1, NH-2, NH-10, NH-8, NH-24).
 The Grand Trunk Road built by Sher Shah Suri from
Karnal to Calcutta having been the precursor of NH-1
and NH-24.
RING ROAD
 The Ring road, Outer Ring road and the radial roads
constitute a
 distinct feature of the road network in Delhi. Ring road
has a length
 of 48 km, out of which 16 km is common with Outer Ring
road and
 NH-1.
CONVERGENCE OF NATIONAL
HIGHWAYS
 RAIL NETWORK

 Delhi is a major junction on the rail map of India

linked with almost all Metropolitan cities directly.

 There are four major railway stations at New

Delhi, Old Delhi, Hazrat Nizamuddin and Sarai
Rohilla besides a Container Depot at Tuglakabad.

 There are 8 rail corridors in the National Capital

Territory which bring in more than 350 passenger
trains and 40 goods trains each day.
CONVERGENCE OF RAIL
NETWORKS
INTERSTATE BUS TERMINALS
 With the development of two new ISBTs at Sarai
Kale Khan and Anand Vihar and the existing ISBT at
Kashmere Gate, three ISBTs are functioning at
present.
 These three ISBTs care to an average 1.54 lakh
passengers and 3300 buses/trips per day.
 Two more ISBTs are proposed to be constructed.

FLYOVERS AND BRIDGES

 A special programme for construction of 15 flyovers
on Ring Road and outer Ring Road was started in
1998-99.
 Construction work on flyovers at Punjabi Bagh and
Raja Garden, started prior to 1998-99, is in full swing