Bending of Long Rectangular plate in to Cylindrical form

•Concept of plate

•Classification of plate

1)Stiff plate,
2)Membrane flexible,
3)Thick plate

Another way

1)Thin plate with small deflection

2)Thin plate with Large deflection
3)Thick plate

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 Assumptions

•Material is Homogeneous & Isotropic

•No deformation of middle plane

•The point initially normal will remain normal even after Bending

x
y

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W  co-ordinate
 Loading
 Boundary condition

The main aim of analysis of plate

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 F
Stress =
A
l l 1 0
Strain = l 0

Strain in lateral
 =
Long. strain
x F y

F F x
x y

F y

=
F x
F x

+
F y

F y
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  xx
Load
Strain Direction

 xx   x
E


 yx

 xx


 yx     xx E
   x
1

nd
Consider 2 fig.

 

xy
 y
 
yy
E
,
 yy

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 
 xy    yy  y
2
E
Now  x &  y find strain

 x =  xx   xy

 y =  yy   yx

 x =
 x
  y
E E


 x =
1
E
 x
  y  Similarly

 y =
1
E
 y
  x 
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•Bending of Long Rectangular plate in to Cylindrical form

l b & bh & hw

z y
1
2 1
2

•Subjected to transverse loading

ity
un

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 d x

d s
dy

R d x
d

d s  R d d s  d x
d s
,
d x  R d
 1 d

R d x

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 tan  
d y
tan   
,
d x

 
d y

d x

Differentiating  w.r.t x , we get

2
d 
d y

d d
2


x x
2
1
 d y

R d x
2

2
1
 
d y
Similarly
R d x
2

2
1
 
d w
2
R d x

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 d x

A B z

d z

G H

AB  R.d  d x
GH   R  z  d

 R  z d  R d

 

Rd 

z d
2

 
R
  z w
2
d x

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  y  0 for continuity

 y 
1
E
 y
  x 

 y    x

 x 
1
E
 x
  y 

1
E
 x
  . 
x

 x   1   
x 2

E


 x E
 x
1    2

  d E
1   
w
 z
x 2 2
d x

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 Moment = Force  Distance
M  ( x  d  1) z z

h
zd
 
 
2
M x z
 h2
2
h
z d
2

  h 1   
E
M 
2
2
w
2 d z

2 d x

 2 3
E d z h
 ( 1    2
d
w
2

3 ) h2
x 2

 E h
3
d
2
,
 
w

 
M 2
12 1  
2
d x
2
d
 
w
where M D 2
E h
3
d x

D

12 1  
2

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 •Cylindrical Bending of Long Rectangular plate

Consider a Uniformly Loaded Rectangular Plate

Longitudinal Edges are free to rotate but not allow to come to close

 

Slope at A , B are allow but they can not come closer

Now,
Consider middle plane of plate
q/m
x

A B
S S

ql/2 ql/2
x

Force ‘S’ do not allow ‘A’ & ‘B’ to come close

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 2
ql qx
M xy  x  Sw  2
2
2

But, M xy   D d w


2
d x

2 2
qx
 D d w

ql
x  Sw 
2
2 2
d x

2
2
Sw   ql qx
d w
 x 
2D
2D
d x
2
D
Let’s put
2
2 Sl
u 
4D

By considering the value of ‘ u’ as above

General solution of equ. Can be written as,
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 2ux 2ux ql 3 ql 2 2 ql 4
w  c1 sinh( )  c2 cosh( ) 2 x  2 x 
l l 8u D 8u D 16u 4 D

Constant can be determine from boundary conditions’

We know that when x =0 , w = 0

ql 4
0  0  c2 
16u 4 D


4
ql
c2 
16u 4 D
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 We know that when x = L , w = 0

ql 3l ql 2l 2 ql 4
0  C1 sinh(2u )  C2 cosh(2u )  2  2 
8u D 8u D 16u 4 D
4 4
 C1 sinh(2u )  ql4 cosh(2u)  ql4
16u D 16u D

ql 4

16u 4 D
cosh(2u)  1
ql 4

16u 4 D
 1-cosh( 2 u ) 

ql 4 (1  cosh 2u )
C1  4
.
16u D sinh 2u

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 Now by making use of

cosh 2u  cosh 2 u  sinh 2 u

sinh(2u )  2 sinh u  cosh u
ql 4 1  cosh 2u  2ux   2ux   ql x ql x
3 2 2
w 4   sinh    cosh    1  2  2
16u D  sinh 2u  l   l   8u D 8u D

finally

ql 4  cosh u (1  2 x / l )  ql 2 x 3
w 4   1  2 (l  x)
16u D  cosh u  8u D

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Observe the equation.
If we know “u” we can calculate “w”

sl 2
u 
4D

“u” is function of “s” &we don’t know the value of “s”

How to get value of “s”

Rotation is allowed at “A” & “B” but horizontal movement is not alluded

S S

A B

Change in length = arch length “ACB” – chord length “AB”

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Difference in in length  1
x  ( x   y )
E
2
1 l  dw 
 
2  0  
 dx 
dx
now  being
2
1 l  dw 
 
2  0  
 dx 
dx  y   x


 strain   x 1
l x   x (1   2 )
E

s 1
 (1   2 )  l x
h E  (1   2 )  l
E

s
x 
h 1
s 1
 (1   2 )  l
h E
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 2
(1   )l.s
2 l
1  dw 
Eh

2 0  dx  dx

Put the value of ‘w’ from equ 3 we get

s (1   2 )l q 2l 7  5 tanh u 1 tanh 2 u 5 1 
     
Eh D 2  256 u 7 256 u6 256u 6 384u 4 

Finally putting u 2  sl 2 / 4 D We get

E 2 h8 135 tanh u 27 tanh 2 u 135 9

   
(1   2 ) 2 q 2l 8 16 u9 16 u8 16u 8 8u 6

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 The solution can be found out by trial & error method

curveC

log 10 4 u0  curveA

curveB

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 u0  10 4 To have + ve log

Get u0 from right hand side select “u” & get the value of “s”

Once ‘s’ is known ‘w’ is know

d 2w
mxx   D
dx 2

now mxx (max) X must be equal to l/2

Now putting the value for ‘x’ we get ‘w’

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 ql 2
mmax   0 (u )
8
where
1  sec hu
 0 (u ) 
u2
2

Now
Direct stresses given by

s 4u 2 D
1  but s 2
h 1 l

3
2
4u D 4u 2 E h
2
l h
 2
l h 
12 1  
2

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 1 Eu 2 h 2
1  Direct stress
3 l 2 (1   2 )

m  m
2   Bending stress 2  y
z y I

ql 2
 0 (u )
2  8
bh 3 h
/
12 2
 max   1   2
Now b= unity

ql 2 6
 0 (u )  2
 min   1   2
2 
8 h
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Case II - cylindrical bending of uniformly loaded
long rectangular plate with built up edges

• consider long thin rectangular plate with small deflection

• Assume the Cartesian co-ordinate system @ middle plane of plate

Longitudinal edges of the plate are clamed

They can’t rotate or translate or deflected

x
y

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 q/m
mo x mo

A B
S S

ql/2 ql/2
x

2
ql qx
M xx  x  Sw  2
 mo
2
2

But, M xx   D d w
2
d x


2 2
qx
 D d w

ql
x  Sw   mo
2
2 2
d x

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 2
2
Sw   ql qx m
d w
 x   0
2D 2D D
d x
2
D

Let’s put

2
2 Sl
u 
4D

By considering the value of ‘ u’ as above

General solution of equ. Can be written as,

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 2ux 2ux ql 3 ql 2 2 ql 4 m0l 2
w  c1 sinh( )  c2 cosh( ) 2 x  2 x  4
 2
l l 8u D 8u D 16u D 4u D

Constant can be determine from boundary conditions’

We know that when,

1) w = 0 when x=0

dw
2) 0 when x=0
dx
dw
3) 0 when x=l/2
dx

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 ql 4
C1 
16u 3 D

ql 4
C2  3
coth u
16u D

ql 2 ql 2 ql 2
m0  2
 2
coth u    1 (u )
4u 4u 12
3(u  tanh u )
 1 (u ) 
u 2 tanh u
Finally we get

ql 4  cosh u (1  2 x / l )  ql x
2
w 3   1  2 (l  x) 4
16u D tanh u  cosh u  8u D

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Difference in in length 
2 1
1 l  dw  x  ( x   y )
 
2 0  
 dx 
dx E

 now  being
 strain   x
l
 y   x
s 1
 (1   2 )  l
h E
1
x   x (1   2 )
E

x
 (1   2 )  l
 is given by E

2 s
1 l  dw  x 
 
2 0  
 dx 
dx h 1

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 s 1 1 l
2
 dw 
(1   2 )  l     dx
hE 2 0
 dx 

2
Put the value of ‘w’ and value of ‘u’ we get finally 2 Sl
u 
4D

E 2 h8 81 27 27 9
   
(1   ) q l
2 2 2 8 7 6 2
16u tanh u 16u sinh u 4u 8
8u 6

put
E 2 h8
 u1
(1   ) q l
2 2 2 8

calculate 
log10 10 4 u1  Get the value of ‘u’ from graph

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 The solution can be found out by trial & error method

curveC

log 10 4 u1  curveA

curveB

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Now
Direct stresses given by

s 4u 2 D
1  but s 2
h 1 l

3
2
4u D 4u 2 E h
2
l h
 2
l h 
12 1  
2


1 Eu 2 h 2 Direct stress
1 
3 l 2 (1   2 )

m  m
2   Bending stress 2  y
z y I

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 2
q l 
 2     1 (u )
2h  max   1   2
3(u  tanh u )
 1 (u ) 
u 2 tanh u  min   1   2

Deflection at centre ,at x=l/2 w  wmax

ql 4
wmax  f1 (u )
384 D
24  u 2 u u 
f1 (u )  4    
u  2 sinh u tanh u 

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Case iii cylindrical bending of uniformly loaded long thin rectangular
plate built in elastic edges

z
Like partial fixity
x
y

•when ever such plate loaded bending occur in to cylindrical form

•The deflected shape of plate depends up on boundary conditions
•Now the edges are elastically built in

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 q/m
x mo
mo
A B
S S

ql/2 ql/2
x

Case just like partial fixity

2
ql qx
M xx  x  Sw  2
 mo
2
2

But, M xx   D d w
2
d x


2 2
qx
 D d w

ql
x  Sw   mo
2
2 2
d x

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 2
2
Sw   ql qx m
d w
 x   0
2D 2D D
d x
2
D

Let’s put

2
2 Sl
u 
4D

By considering the value of ‘ u’ as above

General solution of equ. Can be written as,

Amol ingle
 2ux 2ux ql 3 ql 2 2 ql 4 m0l 2
w  c1 sinh( )  c2 cosh( ) 2 x  2 x  4
 2
l l 8u D 8u D 16u D 4u D

Now our aim to get

w
u


 c1
 c2
Depends up on boundary conditions
 m0

hence we evaluate c1 & c2 , m0 in terms of ‘u’

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We cant apply it directly as it applied for fix end condition ,as
there is slope (partial fixity)

dw
 m0
dx
dw
 m0
dx

 Is term introduced &it’s value will depend on rigidity of edges

Remaining two conditions are same

1) w = 0 when x=0

dw
2) 0 when x=l/2
dx

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Making use of

s 1 1 l  dw 
2

(1   2 )  l     dx
hE 2 0
 dx 

2 8
E h
 (1   )u0   (u1 )   (1   )u2
(1  μ ) q l
2 2 2 8

tanh u
 Numerical constant
2
Du  tanh u
l

u0  right hand side of eque

u1  right hand side of eque

27 (u  tanh u ) 2
u2  9 2
(u tanh 2
u  u  tanh u )
16 u tanh u
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How to get solution

2 8
E h
 (1   )u0   (u1 )   (1   )u 2
(1 μ ) q l
2 2 2 8

2 8
E h
1)calculate
(1  μ ) q l
2 2 2 8

2)Assume/calculate ‘u’ from graphs of s.s.b.c

3)Assume/calculate ‘u’ from graphs of fix end b.c

4)Assume intermediate value for ‘u’

From ‘u’ calculate tanh u


2
Du  tanh u  is given
l
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Now

u0  As per ‘u’ s/s

u1  As per ‘u’ fix end

As per ‘u’assume between supported and fix
u2 

Solve the eque.

2 8
E h
 (1   )u0   (u1 )   (1   )u 2
(1  μ ) q l
2 2 2 8

In two trial get value of ‘u’

Once ‘u’ is known  s  w  m

 1 &  2 can calculated as per previous

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Effect on stresses for small horizontal deflection

•In all the three cases above no lateral displacement is calculated

•We calculate 

s 1 1 l
2
 dw 
(1   2 )  l     dx
hE 2 0
 dx 

Now

Lateral displacement allowed

Now  will be smaller by amount 


1 l  dw 
2


  

   dx 

2  dx 
0

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 s 1
  (1   2 )  l
hE

Every thing remain same but L.H.S. for s.s. boundary condition ,

3l
2 8 u2 
E h h2  u
0
(1  μ ) q l
2 2 2 8 2
u

&

3l
2 8 u2 
E h h2
 u1
(1  μ ) q l
2 2 2 8 2
u

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 Now let between plate consider a small beam

A B

Before loading
A B

Without 
A B

A B

The bar which was AB now compressed to A B due to boundary conditions

s s
Let s= k 
K is the factor depends on C/A of bar (k is known )
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 We know

2
4u D
s 2
,
l
k  s
s

k

 4u 2 D
 2
l k

Eu 2 h 3
 2
3l (1   2 )k

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Now consider L.H.S

3l
u2 
 h2
u2 Solving

3l
 1 2 2
hu

3l Eu 2 h 3
 1 2 2  2
h u 3kl (1   2 )

Eh
 1 Put this value in eque.
kl (1   2 )

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 E 2 h8  Eh 
L.H .S  2 1 
2 2 8  2 

q (1   ) l  kl (1   ) 

L.H.S is independent of ‘u’

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Approximate Method for s/s boundary condition with no horizontal displacement

For calculating parameter ‘u’

2
2 Sl
u 
4D

We again use  & solving

sl (1   2 ) 1 l  dw 
2

hE

2 
0  
 dx 
dx

In case of s/s ends all lateral loads acting in the same direction; then the
deflection curve of eliminating strip produced by the combination of
lateral + axial load

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Can sufficiently accurate if

w0 x
w sin
1  l
Deflection

w0  Deflection only by lateral load (at middle strip)

s
 
scr
 2 EI
pcr  2
scr  Euler's critical load
l
 2D
scr  2
l
sl 2
 2
 D
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 We know that

sl (1   2 ) 1 l  dw 
2

hE

2 0  
 dx 
dx

2
1 l  d  w0 x 

2  0

 dx

 (1   )

sin
l

  dx


2
 2 w0
sl (1   )
2
 2
4l (1   ) 2
hE
now

sl 2
 2 E h
3

 D 
D

12 1  
2

 2 Eh 3
s
12l 2 (1   2 )
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now

sl (1   )
2  2 w0 2
 2
hE 4l (1   ) 2

Put value of ‘s’

 2 Eh 3 l (1   2 )   2 w0
2

 4l 2
(1   ) 2
12l (1   )
2 2
hE

Canceling from both side we get

2
3w0
 (1   )  2
2
From this  can be evaluated
h

If  is known ‘s’ can obtain

Amol ingle
 PROBLEM

Data
l  1000mm, E  2 105 N / mm 2
q  700kN / m 2 , h  10mm

calculate 1 , , 2 mmax

Step 1.
3
E h

calculate D

12 1  
2


5 ql 4
w0 
384 D

Amol ingle
 2
3w0
 (1   )  2
2

Put (1   )  x ,  ( x  1)

2
3w0
( x  1) x 
2

h2
Solving by trial and error method find out value of ‘x’

X is known find  then find s finally deflections etc.

Amol ingle
 Cylindrical bending of plate on elastic foundation

EIy  deflection
dy
EI  slope
dx
d2y
EI 2
 moment
dx
d3y
EI 3
 shear  force
dx
d4y
EI 4
 loading
dx
In case of plate

d4y
D 4  loading
dx

Amol ingle
 q/m

A c

Consider beam acted by load will be deflection as ABC


the curve ABC can be of various shape even the load is same

A C
c
B

Soil below the beam is

A
C responsible
B

A
C

Amol ingle
now

Consider a long thin rectangular plate resting on elastic foundation

of which ‘k’ is known (stiffness of soil)

z
A
C x
B
soil

z
Assume that reaction of foundation
is proportional to the deflection of plate of that point

Amol ingle
Loading on plate

Uniformly loaded
Reaction due to sub soil

w  q  kw
d4y
D 4  q  kw
dx

l k
 
2 4D

General solution is obtain as follows

Amol ingle
 q  2x   2x   2x   2x   2x   2x 
w  c1 sin  sinh   c2 sin  cosh   c3 cos  sinh 
k  l   l   l   l   l   l 

 2x   2x 
 c4 cos  cosh 
 l   l 

Where c1 , c2 , c3 , c4 are constant

Consider term c 2 & c 3

x x
 2x   2x 
c2 sin   cosh  
 l   l 
w

 2x   2x 
c3 cos  sinh  
 l   l 

Amol ingle
 When you put ‘x’ we get + ve ‘w’

When you put -‘x’ we get - ve ‘w’

Which is not possible hence c 2

 0, c3  0

After replacing c 2 & c3

q  2x   2 x   c cos 2x  cosh 2x 

w   c1 sin   sinh   4
k  l   l   l   l 

1) w = 0 when x=l/2

d 2w
2) 2
 max when x=l/2
dx

Amol ingle
 Replace x=l/2

q
w  c1 sin  sinh   c4 cos  cosh 
k

By putting first condition w=o

q
0   c1 sin  sinh   c4 cos  cosh 
k

d2
Operate on w & put x=L/2 , w=0
dx 2

0  c1 sin  sinh   c4 cos  cosh 

q sin  . sinh 
c1  
k sin 2  sinh 2   cos 2  . cosh 2 
Amol ingle
 q 2 sin  . sinh 
c1  
k cos 2   cosh 2 

q 2 cos  . cosh 
c4  
k cos 2   cosh 2 

Finally we get

ql 4  2 sin  . sinh  2x 2x  2 cos  cosh  2x 2x 

w   1  sin . sinh   cos cosh 
64 4 D  cos 2   cosh 2  l l  cos 2  cosh 2 l l 

Deflection at centre (max) when x=0

5ql 4 6  2 cos  cosh  

wx 0   ( )  (  )  4 1  
384 D 5  cos 2   cosh 2  
Amol ingle
 Rotation at edges

 dw  ql 3 3 sinh 2   sin 2 
    1(  )  1(  ) 
 dx  x   l / 2 24 D 4  3 cosh 2   cos 2 

Bending moment is given by

2

M  D d w
2
d x

Differentiate twice wrt x & put x=0

ql 2 2 sin  sinh 
mcentre   2(  )  2(  )  2
 cosh 2   cos 2 
8

Amol ingle