MTAT.03.231 Business Process Management (BPM) Lecture 3: Advanced Process Modeling
MTAT.03.231 Business Process Management (BPM) Lecture 3: Advanced Process Modeling
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Business Process Management (BPM)
Marlon Dumas
marlon.dumas ät ut . ee
BPMN Main Elements - Recap
Connections Swimlanes
Pool
Message Association
Lane
Flow
Gateway
Event
Data
Object Group
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BPMN Gateways
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Anything wrong with this model?
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Is this better?
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Expanded…
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Sub-processes
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Process hierarchies
Receive
Order
Level 4 Enter Order Check Credit ...
Credit
Available? Clear Order
Access Credit
Level 5 Record
Contact
customer
account rep. ...
Fragment of
the SCOR 8
model
Modeling Guideline
Start with a value chain
• Good practice is that the top-level process
should be simple (no gateways) and should
show the main phases of the process
– Each phase then becomes a sub-process
– This is sometimes called a “value chain”
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Showing the value chain with sub-
processes
Purchase Purchase Goods Invoice
Approval
Request Order Receipt Verification
Consider re-
submission
Check purchase
request for 1st
approval
approved rejected
Purchase Request
Check purchase
request for 2nd
approval
approved
Send approved
request to requestor
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Shared sub-process
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Sub-processes and loop marker
equivalent to:
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Exercise
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Multiple instance marker
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Multiple instance activity - example
Select Best
Obtain Quote Send PO
Quote
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Event types
Start/End Event – Indicates that an instance of the
process is created/terminated when an event occurs
without specifying the cause of this event
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Event types (cont.)
Start Timer Event – Indicates that an instance of the
process is created at certain date(s)/time(s), e.g. start
process at 6pm every Friday
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And more...
• Condition events
• Escalation events
• Signal events, …
• Check the BPMN poster:
– http://www.bpmb.de/images/BPMN2_0_Poster_EN.pdf
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Modelling with events - Example
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Modelling with events - Example
Receive PO
Change
Register PO
Change
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Data-based vs. event-based decision
• In an XOR-split gateway, one branch is chosen
based on expressions evaluated over available data
Choice is made immediately when the gateway is reached
• Sometimes, the choice must be delayed until
something happens
Choice is based on a “race between events”
• BPMN distinguishes between:
– Exclusive decision gateway (XOR-split)
– Event-based decision gateway
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Event-driven Decision – Example
Receive PO
Response
Process PO
Response
Receive Error
Message
Notify
After 24 hours Purchasing
Officer
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Exercise
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Boundary events
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Boundary Events – Example
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Event sub-processes
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Event sub-processes – Example
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Exception handling (error events)
• Exceptions are events that deviate a process from its
“normal” course
• Handling exceptions often involves stopping a sub-
process and performing a special activity
• Achieved using two event nodes:
– An “end error event” that stops the enclosing
subprocess execution
– An “intermediate error event” attached to the enclosing
subprocess – this is where the process execution will
continue after the error
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Error events – Example
Register
Modified PO
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Exercise
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Summary
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And once I’ve got a model, what’s next?
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