Chapter 7

 Introduction to String handling C

 EXAMINE verb
 INSPECT verb
 STRING verb R
 UNSTRING verb

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Chapter 7

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7.1 INTRODUCTION TO STRING HANDLING

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 Introduction to String handling

 Programs often require that data be moved from C

one area to another and / or that operations be
performed on the individual characters of a data
set.
 String handling operation includes
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 Scanning and replacement – EXAMINE &

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d INSPECT verb
 Concatenation – STRING verb
 Segmentation - UNSTRING verb

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Chapter 7

7.2
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EXAMINE VERB

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 EXAMINE - Purpose & Syntax for Format 1
Purpose
 C
To scan a string to find the number of occurrences
of a given character in it.
 It can also be used to replace some or all

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occurrences of the said character by another
character
Syntax

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dFormat 1:

ALL
EXAMINE {identifier-1} TALLYING LEADING

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UNTIL FIRST
literal-1. 5
 Example

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WORKING-STORAGE SECTION.
01 EXAMINE-DATA.
05 E-1 PIC A(10) VALUE ‘ABCADCADCD’.
05 E-2 PIC 9(10) VALUE 0150250350.
………..
PROCEDURE DIVISION. R
TEST-1.
EXAMINE E-1 TALLYING ALL ‘D’.
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IF TALLY NOT EQUAL TO ZERO
PERFORM PROCESS-PARA
ELSE

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PERFORM EXIT-PARA.
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 Example contd

01 EXAMINE-DATA.
05 E-1 PIC A(10) VALUE ‘ABCADCADCD’.
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05 E-2 PIC 9(10) VALUE 0150250350.

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 EXAMINE E-2 TALLYING LEADING 0.

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 EXAMINE EXAMINE-DATA TALLYING UNTIL
FIRST 2.

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 Format 2 - Syntax

 Format 2 C
ALL
EXAMINE {identifier} REPLACING LEADING
R FIRST
UNTIL FIRST
Literal-1 BY literal-2
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 Format 2 - Example
01 EXAMINE-DATA.
05 E-1 PIC A(10) VALUE ‘ABCADCADCD’.
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05 E-2 PIC 9(10) VALUE 0150250350.

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 EXAMINE E-1 REPLACING ALL “A” BY “E”.

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 EXAMINE E-1 REPLACING LEADING “A” BY “E”.

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 Format 2 - Example

01 EXAMINE-DATA. C
05 E-1 PIC A(10) VALUE ‘ABCADCADCD’.
05 E-2 PIC 9(10) VALUE 0150250350.
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 EXAMINE E-1 REPLACING FIRST “D” BY “L”.

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 EXAMINE E-1 REPLACING UNTIL FIRST “D” BY “L”.

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 Format 3 – Syntax & Example

C
 Format 3
ALL
EXAMINE {identifier} TALLYING LEADING

R UNTIL FIRST
REPLACING BY literal-2
 Example
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05 E-1 PIC A(10) VALUE ‘ABCADCADCD’.

EXAMINE E-1 TALLYING ALL “D” REPLACING

D
BY “M”.
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Chapter 7

7.3
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INSPECT VERB

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 Points on INSPECT verb

 Replacement for EXAMINE verb C

 Provides facility to store the count in a user-defined
data name
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 Permits several tallies and replacements with one
statement
 Allows group of characters to be counted and

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replaced
 Used only with alphanumeric data item

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 Format 1 – Syntax

INSPECT identifier-1 TALLYING identifier-2 C

ALL identifier-3
FOR LEADING Rliteral-1
CHARACTERS

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BEFORE identifier-4
INITIAL
AFTER literal-2
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 Example

77 ID-1 PIC X(15) VALUE ‘AFFFBCGHIFFFJKL’.

77 ID-2 PIC 99 VALUE 0.
C
77 ID-3 PIC 99 VALUE 0.
77 ID-4 PIC 99 VALUE 0
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 INSPECT ID-1 TALLYING ID-2 FOR ALL “F”.

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 INSPECT ID-1 TALLYING ID-3 LEADING “F”.

 INSPECT ID-1 TALLYING ID-4 FOR ALL “F” BEFORE

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INITIAL “G’.
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 Example contd

77 ID-1 PIC X(15) VALUE ‘AFFFBCGHIFFFJKL’. C

77 ID-5 PIC 99 VALUE 0.
77 ID-6 PIC 99 VALUE 0.
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 INSPECT ID-1 TALLYING ID-5 FOR
CHARACTERS BEFORE INITIAL “I”.

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 INSPECT ID-1 TALLYING ID-6 FOR
CHARACTERS AFTER INITIAL “I”.

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 Format 2 - Syntax
INSPECT identifier-1 REPLACING
C
CHARACTERS BY {id-2/lit-1}

BEFORE
AFTER
INITIAL {id-6/lit-5}
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ALL

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LEADING {id-4/lit-3} BY {id-5/lit-4}
FIRST
BEFORE INITIAL {id-6/lit-5}

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AFTER

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 Example

77 ID-1 PIC X(15) VALUE ‘AFFFBCGHIFFFJKL’. C

 INSPECT ID-1 REPLACING CHARACTERS BY
“*” AFTER INITIAL “I”.
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 INSPECT ID-1 REPLACING CHARACTERS BY
“$” BEFORE INITIAL “B”.

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 INSPECT ID-1 REPLACING ALL “F” BY “&”.

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 Example contd

C
77 ID-1 PIC X(15) VALUE ‘AFFFBCGHIFFFJKL’.
 INSPECT ID-1 REPLACING FIRST “FFF” BY “$$
$”.
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 INSPECT ID-1 REPLACING LEADING “A” BY “&”.

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 Format 3 – Syntax & Example

 Syntax C
INSPECT identifier-1 TALLYING
<tallying part as in format 1>
REPLACING R
<replacing part as in format 2>.
 Example

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INSPECT ID-1
TALLYING ID-2 FOR CHARACTERS BEFORE INITIAL “I”
REPLACING CHARACTERS BY “*” AFTER INITIAL “I”.

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Chapter 7

7.4
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STRING VERB

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 Purpose of STRING verb

 Two or more strings of characters can be C

combined

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 To transfer characters from a string to another
string starting at some particular character position
either in the receiving field or in the sending field

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 Syntax

STRING {id-1 / lit-1} , {id-2 / lit-2},….

DELIMITED BY {id-3 / lit-3/SIZE}
C

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{id-4 / lit-4} , {id-5 / lit-5},….
DELIMITED BY {id-6 / lit-6/SIZE}

INTO {id-7} [ WITH POINTER id-8 ]

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[ ON OVERFLOW imperative-statement ]

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Example 1

01 DayStr PIC XX. 5 C

01 MonthStr PIC X(9). J U N E
01 YearStr PIC X(4). 1 9 9 4
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01 DateStr PIC X(15) VALUE ALL "-".
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

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STRING
d DayStr DELIMITED BY SPACES
", " DELIMITED BY SIZE
MonthStr DELIMITED BY SPACES
", " DELIMITED BY SIZE

D YearStr DELIMITED BY SIZE

INTO DateStr 24
 Example 2

01 StringFields.
02 Field1 PIC X(18) VALUE "Where does this go".
C
02 Field2 PIC X(30)

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VALUE "This is the destination string".
02 Field3 PIC X(15) VALUE "Here is another".
01 StrPointers.

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02
d StrPtr PIC 99.
02 NewPtr PIC 9.
STRING Field1 DELIMITED BY SPACES INTO Field2.
DISPLAY Field2.
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Example 3

01 StringFields.
02 Field1 PIC X(18) VALUE "Where does this
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go".
02 Field2 PIC X(30)

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VALUE "This is the destination string".
02 Field3 PIC X(15) VALUE "Here is another".
01 StrPointers.

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d02 StrPtr PIC 99.
02 NewPtr PIC 9.

STRING Field1 DELIMITED BY SIZE INTO Field2.

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DISPLAY Field2.

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 Example 4

01 StringFields.
02 Field1 PIC X(18) VALUE "Where does this go".
C
02 Field2 PIC X(30)
VALUE "This is the destination string".

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02 Field3 PIC X(15) VALUE "Here is another".
01 StrPointers.
02 StrPtr PIC 99.

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02
d NewPtr PIC 9.
MOVE 6 TO StrPtr.
STRING Field1, Field3 DELIMITED BY SPACE
INTO Field2 WITH POINTER StrPtr

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ON OVERFLOW DISPLAY "String Error"
NOT ON OVERFLOW DISPLAY Field2.
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Example 5
01 StringFields.
C
02 Field1 PIC X(18) VALUE "Where does this go".
02 Field2 PIC X(30)
VALUE "This is the destination string".

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02 Field3 PIC X(15) VALUE "Here is another".
01 StrPointers.
02 StrPtr PIC 99.
02 NewPtr PIC 9.
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STRING Field1, Field2, Field3 DELIMITED BY SPACES
INTO Field4.
DISPLAY Field4

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Chapter 7

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7.5 UNSTRING VERB

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 Purpose of UNSTRING verb

 Used to split one string to many substrings. C

 As like STRING verb, based on the delimiter
specified, the splitting occurs R

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 Syntax

UNSTRING id-1 C
DELIMITED BY [ALL] {id-2/lit-1}, OR [ALL] {id-3/lit-2}

INTO id-4 R
[ , DELIMITER IN id-5 ]
[ , COUNT IN id-6 ]
[ id-7 [ , DELIMITER IN id-8 ]
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[ , COUNT IN id-9 ]
[ WITH POINTER id-10 ]
[ TALLYING IN id-11 ] [; ON OVERFLOW imperative-stmt]

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Example 1

01 DayStr PIC XX.

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01 MonthStr PIC XX.

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01 YearStr PIC XX.
01 DateStr PIC X(8).

1 9 -0 5 - 8 0

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dACCEPT DateStr.
UNSTRING DateStr
INTO DayStr, MonthStr, YearStr
ON OVERFLOW DISPLAY "Chars Left“.

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Example 2

01 DayStr PIC XX.

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01 MonthStr PIC XX.
01 YearStr PIC XX.
01 DateStr PIC X(8).
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1 9 s t o p 0 5 s t o p 8 0

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ACCEPT DateStr.
UNSTRING DateStr DELIMITED BY "stop"
INTO DayStr, MonthStr, YearStr
D ON OVERFLOW DISPLAY "Chars Left“.
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 Example 3
01 DayStr PIC XX.
01 MonthStr PIC XX.
C
01 YearStr PIC XX.

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01 DateStr PIC X(8). 1 9 - 0 5 / 8 0

ACCEPT DateStr.
UNSTRING DateStr

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dDELIMITED BY "/" OR "-"
INTO DayStr DELIMITER IN Hold1
MonthStr DELIMITER IN Hold2
YearStr.

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DISPLAY DayStr SPACE MonthStr SPACE YearStr.
DISPLAY Hold1 SPACE Hold2 34
Example 4

01 DayStr PIC XX. C

01 MonthStr PIC XX.
01 YearStr PIC XX.
01 DateStr PIC X(11). R
1 5 - - - 0 7 - - 9 4

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ACCEPT DateStr.
UNSTRING DateStr
DELIMITED BY ALL "-"

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INTO DayStr, MonthStr, YearStr
ON OVERFLOW DISPLAY "Chars Left“.
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Chapter 7

7.6
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REFERENCE MODIFICATION

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 Reference Modification – Syntax & Example

C
 To refer a part of a data field by specifying the left
most character position and length.

 Syntax:

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Data name (left-most character position: length)

 Example:

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05 S1 PIC X(8) VALUE “SOFTWARE”.
05 S2 PIC X(3).
MOVE S1(4: 3) TO S2.
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