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Lecture 04 - Analog Modulation (Amplitude Modulation I)

The document discusses amplitude modulation, which is a type of analog modulation where the amplitude of the carrier signal is varied in proportion to the amplitude of the modulating or information signal. Amplitude modulation results in the carrier signal being modulated by the modulating signal, producing an upper sideband frequency and lower sideband frequency from the carrier frequency. The document provides examples of calculating the percentage of modulation and determining the frequency components and amplitudes that result from amplitude modulating a carrier signal.

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142 views

Lecture 04 - Analog Modulation (Amplitude Modulation I)

The document discusses amplitude modulation, which is a type of analog modulation where the amplitude of the carrier signal is varied in proportion to the amplitude of the modulating or information signal. Amplitude modulation results in the carrier signal being modulated by the modulating signal, producing an upper sideband frequency and lower sideband frequency from the carrier frequency. The document provides examples of calculating the percentage of modulation and determining the frequency components and amplitudes that result from amplitude modulating a carrier signal.

Uploaded by

nabeel hasan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMSATS Fall 2016 (Rev 1.

0)

Principles of Communication Systems (PCS)


EEE 351

Lecture # 04
Analog Modulation
(Amplitude Modulation I)
COMSATS PCS

Analog Modulation
• In analog modulation, an analog • Amplitude Modulation
input (usually referred as – Amplitude of the carrier signal is
modulating signal) modulates the varied according to the modulating
carrier signal. signal.

• Usually the carrier signal is a • Frequency Modulation


periodic sinusoidal signal whose – Frequency of the carrier signal is
fundamental parameters are varied according to the modulating
Amplitude, Frequency and Phase. signal.

• Depending upon the parameter • Phase Modulation


altered to contain information,
– Phase of the carrier signal is varied
analogue modulation is sub-divided according to the modulating signal.
into three major categories.
COMSATS PCS

Amplitude Modulation
• It is the type of modulation in which
the amplitude of the carrier is varied
according to the amplitude of the
modulating signal (also called as Audio
Frequency(AF)/Information Signal).

• Amplitude of the carrier wave is varied


in proportion to the Instantaneous
Amplitude of the AF signal. This also
changes the intensity of the carrier
signal.

• Greater the amplitude of the AF


signal, greater are the fluctuation in
the amplitude of carrier wave.
B.L. Theraja, S.G. Tarnekar, A.K. Theraja, A Text Book of Electrical Engineering, Volume IV.
COMSATS PCS

Amplitude Modulation
• The envelope of the modulated
carrier wave is an exact replica of
the AF/modulating signal.

• Fluctuation in the carrier wave


amplitude is dependent upon the
amplitude of AF signal.

• Rate of these fluctuations depend


upon the frequency of the AF
signal.

B.L. Theraja, S.G. Tarnekar, A.K. Theraja, A Text Book of Electrical Engineering, Volume IV.
COMSATS PCS

Percent Modulation (m)


• It is the measure of the degree to
which the AF signal modulates the
carrier signal.

What is Modulation Index M.I?

• Percent Modulation can also be


defined in terms of maximum and
minimum amplitudes of modulated
carrier wave denoted as Ec(max) and
Ec(min) respectively
B.L. Theraja, S.G. Tarnekar, A.K. Theraja, A Text Book of Electrical Engineering, Volume IV.
COMSATS PCS

Percent Modulation (m)


• The minimum and maximum
values of m are 0 and 1
respectively.

• m=0 corresponds to the


unmodulated carrier wave where
as m=1 implies that the
amplitudes of AF and carrier
signal are equal.

• What happens if m< 100% and


m>100?
• What is splatter?

B.L. Theraja, S.G. Tarnekar, A.K. Theraja, A Text Book of Electrical Engineering, Volume IV.
COMSATS PCS

Percent Modulation (m)


• Example 66.1:
A modulated carrier wave has maximum and minimum amplitudes of
750mV and 250mV respectively. Calculate the value of percent modulation.
Solution:

B.L. Theraja, S.G. Tarnekar, A.K. Theraja, A Text Book of Electrical Engineering, Volume IV.
COMSATS PCS

Upper and Lower Side Frequencies


• The unmodulated carrier wave has single • The amplitudes of the side
frequency component only.
frequencies depend upon
• When it is modulated using the AF signal, the value of Modulation
the resulting modulated carrier has 3
frequency components Index (MI). The amplitude
of each side band is
– Original Carrier Frequency (fc)
– High Frequency/ Sum Component (fc +
calculated as m(A/2)
fm) where A is the amplitude
– Low Frequency/ Difference Component (fc
- fm)
of the unmodulated carrier
wave.
• fc + fm = Upper Side Frequency(USF)

• fc - fm = Lower Side Frequency(LSF)


B.L. Theraja, S.G. Tarnekar, A.K. Theraja, A Text Book of Electrical Engineering, Volume IV.
COMSATS PCS

Upper and Lower Side Frequencies


• Example 66.2
A 10 MHz Sinusoidal carrier wave of amplitude 10mV is modulated by a 5
KHz sinusoidal audio signal wave of amplitude of 6mV. Find the frequency
components of the resultant modulated wave and their amplitudes.
Solution:

B.L. Theraja, S.G. Tarnekar, A.K. Theraja, A Text Book of Electrical Engineering, Volume IV.
COMSATS PCS

References
[1] B.L. Theraja, S.G. Tarnekar, A.K. Theraja, A Text Book of Electrical
Engineering, Volume IV.

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