PRODUCT DESIGN

Physical characteristics , which

makes it attractive & provide
usefulness & valve to customers
these characteristics known as
design.
The process employed in this
regard is known as Product
design
INTRODUCTION TO PRODUCT DESIGN
Objectives /Requirement for a good product design

 Satisfy the customer needs & expectations, maximize

the value for the customer at minimum cost.
 Product must be designed to be functional, attractive,
have acceptable dimension & easy ta maintain
 Product design should enable cost effective production
of the product through available production methods &
materials
 Should satisfy the quality standards of the end product
 Must enhance the revenues & competitiveness of the
organization in the market
 Should satisfy the guidelines set by government & other
regulatory bodies.
 Benefits of good product design
Attracts more customers there by giving an
organization a credit well above other
competitors
Makes a business grow by enhancing
profitability & turnover, because it transforms
the needs of customers into the desiredshape &
value of the product demanded.
Becomes important in replacing obsolete
designs.
Assures reliability with proven performance of
product over the period of its life span
Assured quality of product with guaranteed
customer satisfaction
Conti..

Makes customers comfortable & easy to

use. Good design satisfies customers, &
communicates the purpose of the
product to its market
Leads to standardization of process,
product & its components leading to
interchangeability & better service.
Avoids product redesign there by
reducing time, cost & labour involved in
redesign process
 Engineering design
Identify the design needs
Conducting research
Brainstorm & Plan
Select a solution
Build a prototype
Test & Evaluate
Redesign to improve
PRODUCT DESIGN PROCESS
Concept generation
Concept screening
Feasibility study
Preliminary design
Design evaluation & improvement
Building prototype
Executing final design
 ORGANIZATION &
DECOMPOSITION IN PRODUCT
DESIGN
Organization product
design
Ideas & requirements
Concept generation
Concept screening
Feasibility study
Preliminary design
Design evaluation & improvement
Building prototype
Executing final design
 ORGANIZATION &
DECOMPOSITION IN PRODUCT
DESIGN
Organization product
design
Decomposition in product design
 Methodical evolution in
product design
Traditional product design & development
process involves a well-structured, sequential
step by step process.
 Prolonged development times due to the
sequential nature of the different functions
 Limited capacity for product improvement
because of the poor communication b/w the
various functions & the consequently reduced
& fragmentary informationflow.
Approaches in the regard are:
1. Concurrent engineering
 Concurrent engineering

Simultaneous or integrated or
life cycle engineering

Cost impact of making a design

decision as a function of the design
process
 Concurrent engineering
Concurrent engg commonly known as
simultaneous engg. Is a method of designing &
developing products, in which the diff stages run
simultaneous or work at the same time rather
Highlighting
than sequentially.the role of production process
planning & its influence on the decisions of the
product design process
Emphasizing the multidisciplinarydimension
of the design team engaged in the product
development process
Paying greater attention to customer demands
& satisfaction
Considering the reduction of development
times & of time to market as factors of product
 Advantages of Concurrent engineering

Reduce product design & development time, limits

product redesign, thereby allowing products to reach
customers in less time & at less cost
The reduction in time to market helps companies
gain advantage over their competitors
Enhances productivity through early discovery of
design related problems, which can be rectified soon,
rather than at a later stage in the development
process
Facilitates rapid response to fast –changing
consumer demands
Facilitates team work
Improve product quality
 Limitations Concurrent engineering
Concurrent engineering can be effective if all the
design activities are performed in a parallel
manner & decision making among diff groups
are integrated. The concept requires effective
collaboration & communication among team
members
Requires effective computer system for data
transfer & organizational integration
A minor mistake in any stage can impact all the
stages/team working with the product.
 Design for X system
Design for X refers to design for excellence(DFX)-a
new methodical approach in product design, where
design has the ability to strongly influence the
product’s performance in every phase of the
product life cycle. Excellence-performance or
quality any other to character to the product.
DFM ,DFA,DFC,DFL
Common guidelines to be followed during design
for manufacturing & assembly
Simplify the design & reduce the number of parts
Standardize & use common parts & materials
Design for ease of fabrication
Design within process capabilities & avoid
unneeded surface finish requirements
SI DFX Technique Description
NO
1 Design for DFM is a principle that processes
manufacturability design guidelines for
(DFM) manufacturing parts by simple
processes & with low cost
2 Design for Inspection DFI is a principle that proposes
(DFI) design guidelines for producing
parts with features that are easy
to inspect with readily available
measurements uncertainly is
considering in the tolerance that
are applied.
3 Design for assembly DFA is a principle that proposes
(DFA) design guidelines for producing
parts that facilitate easy
assembly , reduce assembly
times &the possibility errors
4 Design for quality Design components directed at
/Robustness reducing the sensitivity of
product performance to
uncontrollable disturbance
SI DFX Technique Description
NO
5 Design for Reliability Design of components &
(DFR) systems aimed at improving the
reliability of the constructional
unit
6 Design for Design oriented towards
Serviceability/Mainta facilitating servicing &
inability maintenance, to favor repair or
interventions directed at
excluding the possibility of
failure phenomena.
7 Design for Safety Design oriented towards
(DFS) controlling safety standards &
the prevention of malfunctions
during parts /product use.
8 Design for product Design directed at the planning
Retirement/Recovery of disposal & recovery strategy
at the end of the product’s
useful life.
 Conti..

Mistake-proof product design &

assembly
Design for parts orientation & handling
Minimize flexible parts
Design for ease of assembly
Design for efficient joining & fastening
Design for automated production
Design for ease of inspection
Design for Environment
SI NO Traditional engg Design Design with DFX

1 Considers functional Considers life-Cycle

requirements requirements

2 Addresses other aspects As early as possible

after design freeze

3 Iterative in nature One-time-right

4 Heavy usage of tools Heavy usage of systems

5 Uses CAD tools Depends on knowledge –

based system
6 Responsibility over Responsibility over
design whole life-cycle
7 Design solely based on Integrated design with
user requirements. involvement of cross-
Production, service, etc.. functional teams.
Design Central Development Model
Strategies for recovery at end of product
life

Re-use
Remanufacturing
Reconditioning or Refurbishing
Recycling
 Factors Promoting Product Recovery

Increasing environmental consciousness of society

& pressure from NGO’S ,consumers, business
partners & suppliers
Increasing number of environmental regulations &
legislation
Minimize the amount of waste sent to landfills or
disposal there by preventing environment pollution
Possible savings in energy consumption & costs,
which in turn adds profits to the company.
Organizations own social responsibility principles &
targets that add value to themselves.
 Product Recycling

• Recycling saves energy

• Recycling saves natural resources
• Recycling helps product the
environment
• Recycling can generates more revenues
• Recycling enhances business reputation
HUMAN FACTORS IN PRODUCT DESIGN
• Unable to use or handle the product
correctly
• Unable to operate the product correctly
• Difficult to operate the product by
people of all ages & conditions
• Difficult to assemble or install the
product
• Difficult to maintain the product
correctly