Chapter 1

Basic Introduction to Computers

Discovering
Computers 2012
Your Interactive Guide
to the Digital World
Objectives Overview
Discuss the special Describe and list general
Identify information
information purpose and integrated
systems and software
requirements of an information systems
used in the functional
enterprise-sized used throughout an
units of an enterprise
corporation enterprise

Define the term,

Explain why computer computer, and describe Describe the five
literacy is vital to success the relationship components of a
in today’s world between data and computer
information

Discuss the advantages Define the term,

Discuss the uses of the
and disadvantages that network, and identify
Internet and World
users experience when benefits of sharing
Wide Web
working with computers resources on a network

See Page 3 2
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1
for Detailed Objectives
Objectives Overview

Distinguish between system Differentiate among types, Describe the role of each
software and application sizes, and functions of element in an information
software computers in each category system

Explain how home users,

Discuss how society uses
small office/home office
computers in education,
users, mobile users, power
finance, government, health
users, and enterprise users
care, science, publishing,
each interact with
travel, and manufacturing
computers

See Page 3 3
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1
for Detailed Objectives
A World of Computers

• Computers are everywhere

Pages 4 - 5 4
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1
Figure 1-1
What Is Enterprise Computing?
• Enterprise computing involves the use of computers in networks,
such as LANs and WANs, or a series of interconnected networks
that encompass a variety of different operating systems, protocols,
and network architectures

Pages 720 – 721 5

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14
Figure 14-1
What Is Enterprise Computing?

• Types/example of enterprises include:

Retail Manufacturing Service
(Giant) (Proton) (TM)

Wholesale Government Educational

(ideahouse) (Malaysian) (UiTM)

Transportation
(KTM)
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Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14
What Is Enterprise Computing?

• Most traditional enterprises are organized in a

hierarchical manner

Pages 722 – 723 7

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14
Figure 14-2
What Is Enterprise Computing?

• In an enterprise, users typically

Exe fall into one of
four categories: cuti
ve
Ma
nag
em
Middle
ent
Management

Operational Management

Nonmanagement Employees

Page 724 8
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14
Figure 14-3
What Is Enterprise Computing?

• Enterprise information is the information

gathered in the ongoing operations of an
enterprise-sized organization
– Business intelligence
– Business process management
– Business process automation

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Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14
What Is Enterprise Computing?

• Managers coordinate resources by performing

four activities
Planning

Controlling Organizing

Leading

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Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14
Figure 14-4
Information Systems in the Enterprise

• An information system is a set of hardware,

software, data, people, and procedures that work
together to produce information

Page 726 11
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14
Figure 14-5
Information Systems in the Enterprise

• Functional units/departments within an

enterprise might include:
Marketing
Manufacturing Sales

Engineering or
Product Distribution
Development

Human Customer
Resources Service

Accounting Information
and Finance Enterprise Technology

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Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14
Information Systems in the Enterprise

• Accounting software manages everyday transactions

• Billing software helps the company reconcile purchases
with customer payments
• Financial software helps managers budget, forecast, and
analyze

Pages 726 – 728 13

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14
Figure 14-7
Information Systems in the Enterprise
• A human resources
information system (HRIS)
manages one or more
human resources functions
• Employee relationship
management systems
manage communication
between employees and
the business

Page 728
Figure 14-8 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14 14
Information Systems in the Enterprise

• Computer-aided design (CAD) uses a computer and

special software to aid in engineering, drafting, and
design
• Computer-aided engineering (CAE) uses computers to
test product designs

Pages 728 – 729 15

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14
Figure 14-9
Information Systems in the Enterprise

• Computer-aided
manufacturing (CAM) is
the use of computers to
control production
equipment
• Computer-integrated
manufacturing (CIM) uses
computers to integrate
the many different
operations of the
manufacturing process
Page 729
Figure 14-10 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14 16
Information Systems in the Enterprise
Material Requirements
Planning (MRP) uses
software to help monitor and
control processes related to
production

Manufacturing Resource
Planning II (MRP II) is an
extension of MRP and also
includes software that helps
in scheduling
Pages 729 - 730 17
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14
Information Systems in the Enterprise

A quality control system helps an

organization maintain or improve the
quality of its products or services

A marketing information system

serves as a central repository for the
tasks of a marketing department
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Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14
Information Systems in the Enterprise

• Sales force automation (SFA) software equips

traveling salespeople with the electronic tools
they need to be more productive

Pages 730 – 731 19

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14
Figure 14-12
Information Systems in the Enterprise

• Distribution systems perform the following

functions:
Provide forecasting Manage and track
for inventory shipping of
control products

Provide information
and analysis on
inventory in a
warehouse
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Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14
Information Systems in the Enterprise

• Customer interaction management (CIM)

/Customer Relationship Management (CRM)
software manages the day-to-day interactions
with customers

Page 731 21
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14
Figure 14-13
Information Systems in the Enterprise

• The information technology (IT) department makes

technology decisions for the enterprise
– Whether to build or buy new information systems
– When a computer or information system has outlived its useful
life
• Web site management programs collect data designed to
help organizations make informed decisions regarding
their Web presence

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Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14
Information Systems in the Enterprise

• General purpose information systems generally

fall into one of five categories
Office Transaction Management
Information Processing Information
System System System

Decision
Support Expert System
System

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Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14
Information Systems in the Enterprise

• Batch processing vs. online transaction processing

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Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14
Figure 14-14
Information Systems in the Enterprise

Management Information System Decision Support System

Pages 734 – 735

Figures 14-15 – 14-16 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14 25
Information Systems in the Enterprise

Page 736 26
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14
Figure 14-17
Information Systems in the Enterprise

Integrated Information Systems

Customer relationship
Enterprise resource
management manages Content management
planning provides
information about systems are
centralized, integrated
customers, information systems
software to help
interactions with that combine
manage and
customers, past databases, software,
coordinate ongoing
purchases, and and procedures
activities
interests

Pages 737 - 739 27

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14
Information Systems in the Enterprise

Page 738 28
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14
Figure 14-18
Information Systems in the Enterprise

Page 739 29
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14
Figure 14-19
What Is a Computer?

• A computer is an electronic device, operating

under the control of instructions stored in its own
memory

Collects Produces
data Processing information
(input) (output)

Information Processing Cycle

Page 6 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 30

What Is a Computer?

Page 6 31
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1
Figure 1-2
32 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 Pages 6 - 8
Device
• Enables a computer to send and receive data, instructions, and
information to and from one or more computers or mobile devices
Communications
• Records (writes) and/or retrieves (reads) items to and from storage media
Storage Device
• Case that contains the electronic components of the computer that are System Unit
used to process data
• Hardware component that conveys information to one or more people
Output Device
• Allows you to enter data and instructions into a computer
Input Device
mechanical components known as hardware
• A computer contains many electric, electronic, and
The Components of a Computer
The Components of a Computer

Page 7 33
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1
Figure 1-3
Advantages and Disadvantages
of Using Computers
Advantages of Disadvantages of
Using Computers Using Computers

Speed Health Risks

Reliability Violation of Privacy

Consistency Public Safety

Storage Impact on Labor Force

Communications Impact on Environment

Pages 9 - 10 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 34

Advantages and Disadvantages
of Using Computers
• Green computing involves reducing the electricity
consumed and environmental waste generated when
using a computer
• Strategies include:
– Recycling
– Regulating manufacturing processes
– Extending the life of computers
– Immediately donating or properly disposing of replaced computers

Page 10 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 35

Networks and the Internet

• A network is a
collection of computers
and devices connected
together, often
wirelessly, via
communications
devices and
transmission media

Pages 10 - 11 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 36

Figure 1-6
Networks and the Internet

• The Internet is a worldwide collection of networks that

connects millions of businesses, government agencies,
educational institutions, and individuals

Page 11 37
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1
Figure 1-7
Networks and the Internet

• People use the Internet for a variety of reasons:

Communicate Research and Shop Bank and Invest Online Trading

Access Information

Entertainment Download Videos Share Information Web Application

Pages 12 - 13 38
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1
Figure 1-8
Networks and the Internet

• A social networking Web site encourages

members to share their interests, ideas, stories,
photos, music, and videos with other registered
users

Page 14 39
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1
Figure 1-9
Computer Software

• Software, also called a program, tells the

computer what tasks to perform and how to
perform them
System Software
• Operating system
• Utility program

Application Software

Pages 15 - 16 40
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1
Figures 1-10 - 1-11
Computer Software

• Installing is the process of setting up software to

work with the computer, printer, and other
hardware

Pages 16 - 17 41
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1
Figure 1-12
Computer Software

• A programmer develops
software or writes the
instructions that direct
the computer to
process data into
information

Page 18 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 42

Figure 1-13
Categories of Computers
Personal computers

Mobile computers and mobile devices

Game consoles

Servers

Mainframes

Supercomputers

Embedded computers

Page 19 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 43

Personal Computers

• A personal computer can perform all of its input,

processing, output, and storage activities by itself
• Two popular architectures are the PC and the
Apple
– Desktop computer

Pages 19 - 20 44
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1
Figures 1-15 - 1-16
Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices

Mobile Mobile
Computer Device
Personal computer you Computing device small
can carry from place to enough to hold in your
place hand

Examples include smart

Examples include
phones and PDAs, e-
notebook computers,
book readers, handheld
laptop computers,
computers, portable
netbooks, ultra-thins,
media players, and
and Tablet PCs
digital cameras

Pages 20 - 23 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 45

Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices

Notebook computer

Tablet PC

Smart phones and PDAs

E-book reader

Pages 20 - 22 46
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1
Figures 1-17 – 1-20
Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices

Handheld computer

Portable media player

Digital camera

Pages 22 - 23 47
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1
Figures 1-21 – 1-23
Game Consoles

• A game console is a
mobile computing
device designed for
single-player or
multiplayer video
games

Page 24 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 48

Figure 1-24
Servers

• A server controls access

to the hardware,
software, and other
resources on a network
– Provides a centralized
storage area for
programs, data, and
information

Page 25 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 49

Figure 1-25
Mainframes

• A mainframe is a large,
expensive, powerful
computer that can
handle hundreds or
thousands of connected
users simultaneously

Page 25 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 50

Figure 1-26
Supercomputers

• A supercomputer is the fastest, most powerful

computer
– Fastest supercomputers are capable of processing
more than one quadrillion instructions in a single
second

Page 25 51
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1
Figure 1-27
Embedded Computers

• An embedded computer is a special-purpose

computer that functions as a component in a
larger product
Consumer Home Automation Process Controllers Computer Devices
Automobiles
Electronics Devices and Robotics and Office Machines
• Mobile and digital • Thermostats • Antilock brakes • Remote monitoring • Keyboards
telephones • Sprinkling systems • Engine control systems • Printers
• Digital televisions • Security modules • Power monitors • Faxes
• Cameras monitoring systems • Airbag controller • Machine • Copiers
• Video recorders • Appliances • Cruise control controllers
• DVD players and • Lights • Medical devices
recorders
• Answering
machines

Page 26 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 52

Embedded Computers

Page 26 53
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1
Figure 1-28
Elements of an Information System

Hardware Software

Data People
Page 27 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 54
Elements of an Information System

Page 27 55
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1
Figure 1-29
Examples of Computer Usage

Home User Small Office/Home Mobile User

Personal Office User Connect to other
Look up computers on a
financial
network or the
management information Internet
Web access Send and receive Transfer information
Communications e-mail messages Play video games
Entertainment Make telephone Listen to music
calls Watch movies

Pages 28 – 31 56
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1
Figures 1-30 – 1-32
Examples of Computer Usage

Power User Enterprise User

Work with Communicate
multimedia among
Use industry- employees
specific Process high
software volumes of
transactions
Blog

Pages 31 – 32 57
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1
Figures 1-33 – 1-34
Computer Applications in Society

Education
Finance
Government
Health Care
Pages 34 - 36 58
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1
Figures 1-36 – 1-39
Computer Applications in Society

Science
Publishing
Travel
Manufacturing
Pages 36 - 38 59
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1
Figures 1-40 – 1-43
Video: Computer History in a Barn

CLICK TO START

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 60

Summary

Special computing
Various types of
requirements present Large information
users within an
in an enterprise-sized systems
organization
organization

Page 39 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 61

Summary

Basic computer Components of a

concepts computer

Many different
categories of
Networks, the Internet,
computers, computer
and computer software
users, and computer
applications in society
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 62
 Chapter 1
Basic Introduction to Computers

Discovering
Computers 2012
Your Interactive Guide
to the Digital World
Chapter 1 Complete